{"slug": "sancho-iv-of-castile", "label": "Sancho IV of Castile", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sancho_IV_of_Castile", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312110", "qid": "Q312110", "description": "King of Castile and León from 1284 to 1295", "entries": 12, "years": 12, "span": [1281, 1312], "span_label": ["1281 CE", "1312 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 6}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "kingdom-of-castile", "label": "Kingdom of Castile", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "muhammad-ii-of-granada", "label": "Muhammad II of Granada", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "emirate-of-granada", "label": "Emirate of Granada", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-leon", "label": "Kingdom of León", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "ferdinand-iv-of-castile", "label": "Ferdinand IV of Castile", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "alfonso-x-of-castile", "label": "Alfonso X of Castile", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "tarifa", "label": "Tarifa", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "seville", "label": "Seville", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "spain", "label": "Spain", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "al-andalus", "label": "Al-Andalus", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "december", "label": "December", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "november", "label": "November", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1281, "year_label": "1281 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June", "text": "June – Reconquista: Castilian forces led by King Alfonso X (\"the Wise\") and accompanied by his sons, the Infantes Sancho, Peter and John, invade the lowlands of Granada. Sultan Muhammad II of Granada sends a Moorish army, supported by many archers and cavalry, to repel them. Alfonso defeats the Moors in a battle near Granada's walls on June 25, but after the failure of the negotiations that follow, he leaves Granada.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351320525#Europe", "title": "1281", "revid": 1351320525, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1282, "year_label": "1282 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June", "text": "June – The 24-year-old Prince Sancho, heir to the throne of Castile, assembles a coalition of nobles and starts a massive rebellion against his father, King Alfonso X. He dispatches his brothers into the realm to claim strategically important cities and castles. Only the cities of Seville, Murcia and Badajoz remain loyal to Alfonso, who becomes isolated politically and abandoned by most of his family.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359685493#Europe", "title": "1282", "revid": 1359685493, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1283, "year_label": "1283 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Isabella of Castile, queen consort of Aragon, daughter of Sancho IV (\"the Brave\") (d. 1328)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347549431#Births", "title": "1283", "revid": 1347549431, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1284, "year_label": "1284 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 4", "text": "April 4 – King Alfonso X of Castile (\"the Wise\") falls ill and dies after a 32-year reign at Seville. He is succeeded by his 25-year-old son Sancho IV (\"the Brave\") who becomes ruler of Castile and León. Meanwhile, his nephew, Alfonso de la Cerda, challenges his right to the Castilian throne. Pope Martin IV excommunicates Sancho, places an interdict on his kingdom and refuses to acknowledge the marriage to his cousin, Queen María de Molina.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370723758#Europe", "title": "1284", "revid": 1370723758, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1285, "year_label": "1285 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May", "text": "May – King Sancho IV (the Brave) assembles his army at Seville and sends the Castilian fleet (some 100 ships) led by Admiral Benedetto I Zaccaria to blockade the mouth of the Guadalquivir River. Meanwhile, a Marinid detachment of 1,000 cavalry moves against Seville, routing the Castilians send out to oppose them. Turning eastward against Carmona and Alcalá de Guadaíra, the Marinids burn the suburbs, harvest and ruin orchards.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359686470#Europe", "title": "1285", "revid": 1359686470, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1288, "year_label": "1288 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Sultan Muhammad II drives the rebellious Banu Ashqilula from one stronghold to the next, where they are finally expelled from Granadan territory in Al-Andalus (modern Spain). Meanwhile, Muhammad manages through diplomatic intrigue, to turn the Castilian aristocracy against King Sancho IV. In response, King Alfonso III proclaims the 18-year-old Alfonso de la Cerda as ruler of Castile and León.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367964096#Europe", "title": "1288", "revid": 1367964096, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1291, "year_label": "1291 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November", "text": "November–December – The kings Sancho IV of Castile (\"the Brave\") and James II of Aragon (\"the Just\") agree to join the war against the Marinids and conclude a treaty of friendship. Muhammad II, Nasrid ruler of Granada, gives his support to Sancho to take Tarifa from the Marinids. In the agreement, Castile and Aragon will respect their own boundaries.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363454369#Europe", "title": "1291", "revid": 1363454369, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1292, "year_label": "1292 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 24", "text": "June 24 – Castilian forces led by King Sancho IV (\"the Brave\") begin the siege of Tarifa: eleven newly built engines bombard the city constantly by land and sea. Meanwhile, Muhammad II, Nasrid ruler of Granada, provides the army of Sancho with men, arms and also aids the blockade in the Strait of Gibraltar. Muhammad attacks Marinid outposts and his forces seize Estepona on the coast to the west of Málaga. Sancho conquers Tarifa after a siege of four months, on October 13.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358845029#Europe", "title": "1292", "revid": 1358845029, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1293, "year_label": "1293 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 20", "text": "May 20 – King Sancho IV of Castile creates a Studium General in Alcalá de Henares, forerunner to the modern Complutense University of Madrid.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350578384#Education", "title": "1293", "revid": 1350578384, "section": "Events › By topic › Education"}}, {"year": 1295, "year_label": "1295 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 25", "text": "April 25 – King Sancho IV of Castile (\"the Brave\") dies of a fatal illness (possibly tuberculosis), after a 11-year reign at Toledo. He is succeeded by his 9-year-old son Ferdinand IV (\"the Summoned\") as ruler of Castile and León. In the Cortes at Valladolid, Henry of Castile the Senator is appointed guardian of Ferdinand, while Queen María de Molina becomes his regent. During the summer, Ferdinand is betrothed to the 5-year-old Princess Constance of Portugal. Hostilities between Castile and King Denis of Portugal (\"the Poet King\") are ended by a peace agreement.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368220335#Europe", "title": "1295", "revid": 1368220335, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1303, "year_label": "1303 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August", "text": "August – The 17-year-old King Ferdinand the Summoned, supervised by his mother, Queen-Regent María de Molina, signs a peace treaty at Córdoba with Granada for three years. In return, Muhammad III renews his vassalage with Castile and pays the same tribute given as to his father, the late King Sancho the Brave. The strategic port city of Tarifa remains in Castilian hands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360891664#July–September", "title": "1303", "revid": 1360891664, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1312, "year_label": "1312 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 28", "text": "May 28 – After the Emir Abu al-Juyush Nasr of Granada asks for help from King Ferdinand IV of Castile, the Kingdom of Castile's forces, commanded by Peter of Castile, Lord of Cameros, Ferdinand's son of King Sancho IV, defeats the rebel Granadan Governor of Malaga, Abu Said Faraj in battle. Abu Said is allowed to retain his post as Governor of Málaga and resumes paying tributes to the Emir.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362487312#April_–_June", "title": "1312", "revid": 1362487312, "section": "Events › April – June"}}]}