{"slug": "saxony", "label": "Saxony", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saxony", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1202", "qid": "Q1202", "description": "state in Germany", "entries": 23, "years": 23, "span": [556, 1757], "span_label": ["556 CE", "1757 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 11}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 3}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 3}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "thuringia", "label": "Thuringia", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "east-francia", "label": "East Francia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "franconia", "label": "Franconia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "holy-roman-empire", "label": "Holy Roman Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "bavaria", "label": "Bavaria", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "duchy-of-bavaria", "label": "Duchy of Bavaria", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "louis-the-german", "label": "Louis the German", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "carloman-of-bavaria", "label": "Carloman of Bavaria", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "great-northern-war", "label": "Great Northern War", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "germany", "label": "Germany", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "swabia", "label": "Swabia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "prague", "label": "Prague", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": 556, "year_label": "556 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Chlothar I suppresses a revolt of the Saxons and Thuringi in Saxony (Germany). For some time he exacts a tribute of 500 cows every year.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364739824#Europe", "title": "556", "revid": 1364739824, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 865, "year_label": "865 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "King Louis the German divides the East Frankish Kingdom among his three sons. Carloman receives Bavaria (with more lands along the Inn River). He gives Saxony to Louis the Younger (with Franconia, and Thuringia) and Swabia (with Raetia) to Charles the Fat. Louis arranges marriages into the local aristocracy, for his sons to hold important territories along the frontiers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341129586#Europe", "title": "865", "revid": 1341129586, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 876, "year_label": "876 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 28", "text": "August 28 – King Louis the German dies at Frankfurt, while preparing for war against his brother Charles II (\"the Bald\"), ruler of the Holy Roman Empire. The East Frankish Kingdom is divided among his three sons: Carloman receives Bavaria and styles himself \"King of Bavaria\". Louis the Younger receives Saxony (with Franconia and Thuringia), and Charles the Fat receives Swabia (with Raetia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267070562#Europe", "title": "876", "revid": 1267070562, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 880, "year_label": "880 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 2", "text": "February 2 – Bruno, duke of Saxony", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372561483#Deaths", "title": "880", "revid": 1372561483, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 883, "year_label": "883 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Viking raiders ravage Flanders, and sack the abbey at Saint-Quentin. King Carloman II blocks their passage at Laviers, which had been on the banks of the Somme. Meanwhile, Vikings enter the Rhine, but are turned back by Henry of Franconia (possibly a margrave of Saxony). They over-winter at Duisburg.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341129939#Europe", "title": "883", "revid": 1341129939, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 908, "year_label": "908 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 3", "text": "August 3 – Battle of Eisenach: An invading Hungarian force defeats the East Frankish army under Duke Burchard, killing him, together with Duke Egino and Rudolf I, bishop of Würzburg. The Hungarians devastate Thuringia and Saxony as far north as Bremen, returning home with many spoils.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468131#Europe", "title": "908", "revid": 1364468131, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 915, "year_label": "915 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July", "text": "July – The Magyars (Hungarians), led by Zoltán, only son of the late Grand Prince Árpád, attack Swabia, Franconia and Saxony. Small units penetrate as far as Bremen, burning the city.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341130780#Europe", "title": "915", "revid": 1341130780, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 928, "year_label": "928 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Winter – King Henry I (the Fowler) subdues the Polabian Slavs who live on the eastern borders. He then marches against the Slavic Hevelli tribes and seizes their capital, Brandenburg. Henry invades the Glomacze lands in the middle Elbe valley, where he besieges and destroys the main castle called Gana (the later Albrechtsburg) at Meissen (Saxony).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364916804#Europe", "title": "928", "revid": 1364916804, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 960, "year_label": "960 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Mieszko I, a duke of the Piast Dynasty, becomes prince (de facto ruler) of Poland on the death of his father Siemomysł. Mieszko continues to subdue the neighbouring tribes under his control. Two obstacles to this plan are the Western Slav tribal group, the Veleti (also known as the Wilzi or \"Wolf people\") who are raiding Mieszko's lands for plunder; and the Saxon border dukes, who are pushing eastwards in search of new lands to conquer.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365272128#Europe", "title": "960", "revid": 1365272128, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 967, "year_label": "967 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Otto I completes and dedicates a new cathedral at Magdeburg in Saxony. Like other imperial churches of the period, it includes a westwork – a structure attached to the entrance wall and outfitted with galleries. Otto makes Magdeburg a base for missionary efforts to convert the Slavs to the east. The patron saint of the city is Mauritius, who, as a military leader fighting for Christianity against pagan armies, shares affinities with Otto himself.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364919490#Religion", "title": "967", "revid": 1364919490, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1075, "year_label": "1075 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 9", "text": "June 9 – First Battle of Langensalza: Emperor Henry IV defeats the Saxon nobles on the River Unstrut near Langensalza in Thuringia (modern Germany). He subjugates Saxony, and immediately tries to reassert his rights as the sovereign of northern Italy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365265849#Europe", "title": "1075", "revid": 1365265849, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1096, "year_label": "1096 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "May 30", "text": "May 30 – Members of the People's Crusade led by the priest Folkmar from Saxony persecute Jews in Prague, despite the opposition of the local Catholic hierarchy. Local citizens try to hide them in their own houses. Later the Jews manage to escape to safety in neighboring villages, but are slaughtered by the hundreds.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365266324#First_Crusade", "title": "1096", "revid": 1365266324, "section": "Events › By place › First Crusade"}}, {"year": 1180, "year_label": "1180 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 13", "text": "January 13 – Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, is stripped of his duchies and all his imperial fiefs at an Imperial Diet in Würzburg for violating the king's peace. On April 13, Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa issues the Gelnhausen Charter, formally dissolving Henry's former domains. A portion of Saxony is reorganized as the Duchy of Westphalia, while other territories are granted to his ally, Otto I the Redhead, Duke of Bavaria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368649234#Europe", "title": "1180", "revid": 1368649234, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1500, "year_label": "1500 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Saxony's mint at Annaberg begins producing guldengroschens, also known as guldiners.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371377541#Date_unknown", "title": "1500", "revid": 1371377541, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1631, "year_label": "1631 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 10", "text": "October 10 – Thirty Years' War: A Saxon army takes over Prague.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1356869091#October–December", "title": "1631", "revid": 1356869091, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1636, "year_label": "1636 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 4", "text": "October 4 (September 24 Old Style) – Thirty Years' War – Battle of Wittstock: A Swedish-allied army defeats a combined Imperial-Saxon army.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358525522#October–December", "title": "1636", "revid": 1358525522, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1686, "year_label": "1686 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 9", "text": "July 9 – The Grand Alliance (League of Augsburg) is founded, in response to claims made by Louis XIV of France on the Electorate of the Palatinate in western Germany. It comprises the Holy Roman Empire, the Netherlands, Sweden, Spain, the electors of Bavaria, Saxony and the Electorate of the Palatinate.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368502958#July–September", "title": "1686", "revid": 1368502958, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1702, "year_label": "1702 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 19", "text": "July 19 (July 8 O.S.; July 9 Swedish calendar) – Great Northern War: Battle of Klissow – Charles XII of Sweden decisively defeats the Polish–Lithuanian-Saxon army.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362986314#July–September", "title": "1702", "revid": 1362986314, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1708, "year_label": "1708 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Calcareous hard-paste porcelain is produced for the first time in Europe, at Dresden, Saxony, by Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus, and developed after his death (October) by Johann Friedrich Böttger.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360122845#Date_unknown", "title": "1708", "revid": 1360122845, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1712, "year_label": "1712 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 20", "text": "December 20 – Great Northern War: the Battle of Gadebusch is Sweden's final great victory in the war, preventing the loss of the city of Stralsund to Danish and Saxon forces.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367964331#October–December", "title": "1712", "revid": 1367964331, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1722, "year_label": "1722 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "A small group of Bohemian Brethren (the \"Hidden Seed\") from northern Moravia are allowed to settle in a new village, Herrnhut, on the Berthelsdorf estate of the pietist Count Nicolaus Zinzendorf in Upper Lusatia (Saxony), forming the Herrnhuter Brüdergemeine, seed of the Moravian Church's renewal.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365128046#Date_unknown", "title": "1722", "revid": 1365128046, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1733, "year_label": "1733 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 10", "text": "October 10 – France declares war on Austria and Saxony.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358761924#October–December", "title": "1733", "revid": 1358761924, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1757, "year_label": "1757 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 5", "text": "November 5 – Seven Years' War: Battle of Rossbach – Frederick defeats the French-Imperial army under the Duc de Soubise and Prince Joseph of Saxe-Hildburghausen, forcing the French to withdraw from Saxony.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370632620#October–December", "title": "1757", "revid": 1370632620, "section": "Events › October–December"}}]}