{"slug": "second-punic-war", "label": "Second Punic War", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Punic_War", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6271", "qid": "Q6271", "description": "second war between the Roman Republic and Carthage, fought between 218 and 201 BCE", "entries": 17, "years": 12, "span": [-253, 101], "span_label": ["254 BCE", "101 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Deaths", "count": 8}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 4}, {"title": "Births", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "roman-republic", "label": "Roman Republic", "shared": 8}, {"slug": "carthage", "label": "Carthage", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "hannibal", "label": "Hannibal", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "scipio-africanus", "label": "Scipio Africanus", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "iberian-peninsula", "label": "Iberian Peninsula", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ancient-carthage", "label": "Ancient Carthage", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "numidia", "label": "Numidia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "italy", "label": "Italy", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mediterranean", "label": "Mediterranean", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ancient-rome", "label": "Ancient Rome", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "roman-consul", "label": "Roman consul", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "roman-senate", "label": "Roman Senate", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -253, "year_label": "254 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Marcus Livius Salinator, Roman consul and commander during the Second Punic War", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1211697794#Births", "title": "254 BC", "revid": 1211697794, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -235, "year_label": "236 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Scipio Africanus, Roman general in the Second Punic War and statesman of the Roman Republic (approximate date) (d. 183 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368088891#Births", "title": "236 BC", "revid": 1368088891, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -210, "year_label": "211 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Publius Cornelius Scipio, Roman general, consul and proconsul during the Second Punic War", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325637763#Deaths", "title": "211 BC", "revid": 1325637763, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -206, "year_label": "207 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Battle of the Metaurus, fought near the Metaurus River in Umbria, is a pivotal battle during the Second Punic War between Rome and Carthage. The Carthaginians are led by Hannibal's brother Hasdrubal Barca, and the Roman armies are led by the consuls Marcus Livius Salinator and Gaius Claudius Nero. The Carthaginian army is defeated by the Romans and Hasdrubal is killed in the battle. This major loss by the Carthaginians ends Hannibal's hopes of success in Italy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1213018864#Roman_Republic", "title": "207 BC", "revid": 1213018864, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -206, "year_label": "207 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 22", "text": "June 22 – Hasdrubal Barca, Carthaginian general in the Second Punic War (b. 245 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1213018864#Deaths", "title": "207 BC", "revid": 1213018864, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -202, "year_label": "203 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Mago Barca, Carthaginian general during the Second Punic War against Rome who has accompanied his brother Hannibal on the invasion of Italy (b. 243 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325743211#Deaths", "title": "203 BC", "revid": 1325743211, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -201, "year_label": "202 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Hasdrubal Gisco, Carthaginian general who has fought against Rome in Iberia and North Africa during the Second Punic War, customarily identified as the son of Gisco (suicide)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1278127245#Deaths", "title": "202 BC", "revid": 1278127245, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -201, "year_label": "202 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 19", "text": "October 19 – The Battle of Zama (130 kilometers south-west of Carthage) ends the Second Punic War and largely destroys the power of Carthage. Roman and Numidian forces under the leadership of the Roman general Publius Cornelius Scipio and his Numidian ally, Masinissa, defeat a combined army of Carthaginians and their Numidian allies under the command of Hannibal and force Carthage to capitulate. Hannibal loses 20,000 men in the defeat, but he is able to escape Masinissa's pursuit.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1278127245#Carthage", "title": "202 BC", "revid": 1278127245, "section": "Events › By place › Carthage"}}, {"year": -200, "year_label": "201 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "On Hannibal's advice, Carthage sues for peace with the Romans, ending the Second Punic War. Carthage is reduced to a client state of Rome. In the peace treaty between Carthage and Rome, Carthage surrenders all her Mediterranean possessions to Rome, including her Iberian territories. The Carthaginians agree to pay Rome 200 talents per year for 50 years, allow Masinissa to rule Numidia as an independent kingdom, make no war without Rome's permission, and destroy all but 10 of the Carthaginian warships.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1243551551#Carthage", "title": "201 BC", "revid": 1243551551, "section": "Events › By place › Carthage"}}, {"year": -200, "year_label": "201 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "In Rome, according to the Roman historian Livy, land is distributed to veterans of the Second Punic War. This is the first documented instance of a practice that later becomes commonplace.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1243551551#Roman_Republic", "title": "201 BC", "revid": 1243551551, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -200, "year_label": "201 BCE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Following the conclusion of the peace with Rome, Hannibal is elected as suffet, or chief magistrate, of Carthage. The office has over the years become insignificant in Carthaginian politics, but Hannibal restores its power and authority. He sets out to reform the administration and finances of Carthage and reduce the power of the oligarchy which has ruled Carthage before and during the Second Punic War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1243551551#Carthage", "title": "201 BC", "revid": 1243551551, "section": "Events › By place › Carthage"}}, {"year": -182, "year_label": "183 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Hannibal, Carthaginian statesman, military commander and tactician, one of history's great military leaders, who has commanded the Carthaginian forces against Rome in the Second Punic War (b. 247 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352698344#Deaths", "title": "183 BC", "revid": 1352698344, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -182, "year_label": "183 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus Major, Roman statesman and general, famous for his victory over the Carthaginian leader Hannibal in the Battle of Zama in 202 BC, which ended the Second Punic War and gave him the surname Africanus (b. 236 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352698344#Deaths", "title": "183 BC", "revid": 1352698344, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -171, "year_label": "172 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The peace treaty at the end of the Second Punic War requires that all border disputes involving Carthage be arbitrated by the Roman Senate and requires Carthage to get explicit Roman approval before going to war. As a result, envoys from Carthage appear before the Roman Senate to request resolution of a boundary dispute with Numidia. The dispute is decided in Numidia's favour.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370481117#Carthage", "title": "172 BC", "revid": 1370481117, "section": "Events › By place › Carthage"}}, {"year": -159, "year_label": "160 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Gaius Laelius, Roman general and politician who was involved in Rome's victory during the Second Punic War between Rome and Carthage (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1266100355#Deaths", "title": "160 BC", "revid": 1266100355, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -150, "year_label": "151 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Carthaginian debt to Rome is fully repaid, meaning that, according to Carthage, the treaty with Rome, which was put in place at the end of the Second Punic War, is no longer in force. The Romans do not agree with this interpretation. Instead they view the treaty as a permanent declaration of Carthaginian subordination to Rome.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267837944#Carthage", "title": "151 BC", "revid": 1267837944, "section": "Events › By place › Carthage"}}, {"year": 101, "year_label": "101 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Silius Italicus, Roman politician and author of the Punica (annals of Hannibal during the Second Punic War) (b. c. AD 28)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371187378#Deaths", "title": "AD 101", "revid": 1371187378, "section": "Deaths"}}]}