{"slug": "seleucid-empire", "label": "Seleucid Empire", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seleucid_Empire", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93180", "qid": "Q93180", "description": "Hellenistic-era Greek state in Western Asia (312–63 BC)", "entries": 40, "years": 33, "span": [-291, -55], "span_label": ["292 BCE", "56 BCE"], "topics": [{"title": "Deaths", "count": 19}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 11}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 4}, {"title": "Births", "count": 3}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 2}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "seleucus-ii-callinicus", "label": "Seleucus II Callinicus", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "ancient-egypt", "label": "Ancient Egypt", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "anatolia", "label": "Anatolia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "antiochus-i-soter", "label": "Antiochus I Soter", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "ptolemy-iii-euergetes", "label": "Ptolemy III Euergetes", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "antiochus-iii-the-great", "label": "Antiochus III the Great", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "india", "label": "India", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "asia-minor", "label": "Asia Minor", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "black-sea", "label": "Black Sea", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "aegean-sea", "label": "Aegean Sea", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "achaean-league", "label": "Achaean League", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "bactria", "label": "Bactria", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -291, "year_label": "292 BCE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Antiochus I Soter anointed as king of the Seleucid Syria", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367905067#Greece", "title": "292 BC", "revid": 1367905067, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -280, "year_label": "281 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Seleucus is succeeded as ruler of the Seleucid Empire by Antiochus, who was already king of the Syrian part of the empire. He is immediately beset by revolts in Syria (probably instigated by Ptolemy II of Egypt) and by independence movements in northern Anatolia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366700718#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "281 BC", "revid": 1366700718, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -280, "year_label": "281 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Seleucus I Nicator, founder of the Seleucid Empire (b. c. 354 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366700718#Deaths", "title": "281 BC", "revid": 1366700718, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -260, "year_label": "261 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Antiochus I Soter, Greek king of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire (or 262 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1278727971#Deaths", "title": "261 BC", "revid": 1278727971, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -243, "year_label": "244 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The war in Asia Minor and the Aegean Sea intensifies as the Achaean League allies itself to Ptolemy III Euergetes of Egypt, while Seleucus II secures two allies in the Black Sea region. Ptolemy III's armies reach as far as Bactria and the borders of India in their attacks on the Seleucid Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370482239#Greece", "title": "244 BC", "revid": 1370482239, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -240, "year_label": "241 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Antiochus III the Great, younger son of Seleucus II Callinicus, the 6th ruler of the Seleucid Empire (d. 187 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1304843215#Births", "title": "241 BC", "revid": 1304843215, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -237, "year_label": "238 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "A joint Seleucid-Galatian invasion of Pergamon is defeated at the Battle of Aphrodisium", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342094383#Persia", "title": "238 BC", "revid": 1342094383, "section": "Events › By place › Persia"}}, {"year": -227, "year_label": "228 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Attalus I Soter of Pergamum defeats Antiochus Hierax (brother of the Seleucid king Seleucus II) in three battles and thereby gains control over all the Seleucid domains in Anatolia except Cilicia in the southeast.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326026286#Asia_Minor", "title": "228 BC", "revid": 1326026286, "section": "Events › By place › Asia Minor"}}, {"year": -224, "year_label": "225 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Seleucus II Callinicus, king of the Seleucid Empire (246-225 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368090005#Deaths", "title": "225 BC", "revid": 1368090005, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -220, "year_label": "221 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Ptolemy III, king of Egypt, who has reunited Egypt and Cyrenaica and successfully waged the Third Syrian War against the Seleucid Empire", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1246108993#Deaths", "title": "221 BC", "revid": 1246108993, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -195, "year_label": "196 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Antiochus III's army crosses the Hellespont into Thrace, where he claims sovereignty over territory that has been won by Seleucus I in 281 BC. A war of harassment and diplomacy with Rome ensues. The Romans send ambassadors demanding that Antiochus stay out of Greece and set free all the autonomous communities in Anatolia. To meet these demands would mean Antiochus III giving up the western part of his Seleucid Empire. Thus Antiochus refuses the Romans' demands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172645#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "196 BC", "revid": 1354172645, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -172, "year_label": "173 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Antiochus V Eupator, ruler of the Seleucid Empire from 164 BC (d. 162 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1304313006#Births", "title": "173 BC", "revid": 1304313006, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -161, "year_label": "162 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Antiochus V Eupator, ruler of the Seleucid Empire, who has reigned since 164 BC (b. c. 173 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370480795#Deaths", "title": "162 BC", "revid": 1370480795, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -160, "year_label": "161 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Demetrius II Nicator, king of the Seleucid Empire from 145 BC and 129 BC (d. 125 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1311856799#Births", "title": "161 BC", "revid": 1311856799, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -159, "year_label": "160 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Judas Maccabeus, third son of the Jewish priest Mattathias, who led the Maccabean revolt against the Seleucid Empire until his death", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1266100355#Deaths", "title": "160 BC", "revid": 1266100355, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -141, "year_label": "142 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Diodotus Tryphon seizes the throne of the Seleucid Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1329094635#Syria", "title": "142 BC", "revid": 1329094635, "section": "Events › By place › Syria"}}, {"year": -140, "year_label": "141 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Seleucid garrison negotiates the surrender of Jerusalem. Simon Maccabaeus assumes control of the city. He becomes prince (ruler) of Judea until 135 BC.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326020399#Syria_and_Judea", "title": "141 BC", "revid": 1326020399, "section": "Events › By place › Syria and Judea"}}, {"year": -140, "year_label": "141 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Demetrius II of Syria made prisoner of Mithridates, king of the Parthians. Antiochus VII Sidetes becomes king of the Seleucid Empire in his absence.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326020399#Syria_and_Judea", "title": "141 BC", "revid": 1326020399, "section": "Events › By place › Syria and Judea"}}, {"year": -137, "year_label": "138 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Diodotus Tryphon, king of the Seleucid Empire", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361991985#Deaths", "title": "138 BC", "revid": 1361991985, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -128, "year_label": "129 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Having been freed by the Parthians, Demetrius II of Syria recovers the throne of the Seleucid Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561461#Syria", "title": "129 BC", "revid": 1369561461, "section": "Events › By place › Syria"}}, {"year": -125, "year_label": "126 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Seleucus V Philometor succeeds his father Demetrius II as king of the Seleucid Empire. Due to his youth, his stepmother Cleopatra Thea acts as regent.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1213344030#Syria", "title": "126 BC", "revid": 1213344030, "section": "Events › By place › Syria"}}, {"year": -125, "year_label": "126 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Tyre successfully revolts from the Seleucid Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1213344030#Syria", "title": "126 BC", "revid": 1213344030, "section": "Events › By place › Syria"}}, {"year": -124, "year_label": "125 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Cleopatra Thea succeeds to the rule of the Seleucid Empire on the death of Seleucus V. She appoints Antiochus VIII Grypus as co-ruler.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1266100137#Syria", "title": "125 BC", "revid": 1266100137, "section": "Events › By place › Syria"}}, {"year": -124, "year_label": "125 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Demetrius II, king of the Seleucid Empire", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1266100137#Deaths", "title": "125 BC", "revid": 1266100137, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -122, "year_label": "123 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Alexander II Zabinas, king of the Seleucid Empire", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1249010029#Deaths", "title": "123 BC", "revid": 1249010029, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -112, "year_label": "113 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Antiochus IX Cyzicenus becomes king of the Seleucid Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1259352573#Syria", "title": "113 BC", "revid": 1259352573, "section": "Events › By place › Syria"}}, {"year": -110, "year_label": "111 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Tryphaena, queen consort of the Seleucid Empire", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1207645086#Deaths", "title": "111 BC", "revid": 1207645086, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -95, "year_label": "96 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Antiochus VIII Grypus, king of the Seleucid Empire", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1288884921#Deaths", "title": "96 BC", "revid": 1288884921, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -95, "year_label": "96 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Seleucus VI Epiphanes becomes king of the Seleucid Empire following the death of his father Antiochus VIII Grypus, and defeating in battle Antiochus IX Cyzicenus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1288884921#Greece", "title": "96 BC", "revid": 1288884921, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -92, "year_label": "93 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Antiochus XI, king of the Seleucid Empire", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347796945#Deaths", "title": "93 BC", "revid": 1347796945, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -91, "year_label": "92 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Antiochus XI Epiphanes, king of the Greek Seleucid Empire, drowned", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1328379180#Deaths", "title": "92 BC", "revid": 1328379180, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -87, "year_label": "88 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Demetrius III Eucaerus, king of the Seleucid Empire", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325703284#Deaths", "title": "88 BC", "revid": 1325703284, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -83, "year_label": "84 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Cana: The Arab Nabataean Kingdom decisively defeats the Greek Seleucid Empire, slaying King Antiochus XII Dionysus, at modern-day Umm Qais in Jordan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1209580598#Asia", "title": "84 BC", "revid": 1209580598, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": -83, "year_label": "84 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Antiochus XII Dionysus, king of the Seleucid Empire (killed in battle)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1209580598#Deaths", "title": "84 BC", "revid": 1209580598, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -82, "year_label": "83 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Tigranes the Great, King of Armenia was invited by a faction in the Seleucid civil wars, entered Syria and effectively ended Seleucid rule. Though a weakened Seleucid monarchy was briefly restored after Roman victories, ongoing instability led Pompey to abolish the dynasty and annex Syria as a Roman province in 63 BC.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369868116#Syria", "title": "83 BC", "revid": 1369868116, "section": "Events › By place › Syria"}}, {"year": -63, "year_label": "64 BCE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "King Antiochus XIII Asiaticus is deposed and killed by the Syrian chieftain Sampsiceramus I – this is considered by some the end of the Seleucid dynasty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1305139759#Syria", "title": "64 BC", "revid": 1305139759, "section": "Events › By place › Syria"}}, {"year": -63, "year_label": "64 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Antiochus XIII Asiaticus, king of the Seleucid Empire", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1305139759#Deaths", "title": "64 BC", "revid": 1305139759, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -62, "year_label": "63 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Roman annexation of the Seleucid Empire and of Judea as a client kingdom. King Judah Aristobulus II removed from power, while his brother John Hyrcanus II is reappointed king (ethnarch) under Roman suzerainty and high priest, until 40 BC.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1209877827#Roman_Republic", "title": "63 BC", "revid": 1209877827, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -59, "year_label": "60 BCE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "The Seleucid Empire comes to an end with the last two emperors being murdered on orders from Rome.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359808394#Syria", "title": "60 BC", "revid": 1359808394, "section": "Events › By place › Syria"}}, {"year": -55, "year_label": "56 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Philip II Philoromaeus, king of the Seleucid Empire (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325862293#Deaths", "title": "56 BC", "revid": 1325862293, "section": "Deaths"}}]}