{"slug": "seleucid", "label": "Seleucid", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seleucid", "wikidata": null, "qid": null, "description": null, "entries": 58, "years": 47, "span": [-271, -149], "span_label": ["272 BCE", "150 BCE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 31}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 11}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 8}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 3}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 2}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "antiochus-iii-the-great", "label": "Antiochus III the Great", "shared": 17}, {"slug": "anatolia", "label": "Anatolia", "shared": 13}, {"slug": "syria", "label": "Syria", "shared": 10}, {"slug": "demetrius-i-soter", "label": "Demetrius I Soter", "shared": 10}, {"slug": "antiochus-iv-epiphanes", "label": "Antiochus IV Epiphanes", "shared": 9}, {"slug": "ancient-egypt", "label": "Ancient Egypt", "shared": 8}, {"slug": "pergamum", "label": "Pergamum", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "roman-republic", "label": "Roman Republic", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "parthia", "label": "Parthia", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "medes", "label": "Medes", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "ptolemy-vi-philometor", "label": "Ptolemy VI Philometor", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "seleucus-ii-callinicus", "label": "Seleucus II Callinicus", "shared": 4}], "items": [{"year": -271, "year_label": "272 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Seleucid king Antiochus I Soter is defeated by Egypt's Ptolemy II during the First Syrian War. Ptolemy II annexes Miletus, Phoenicia and western Cilicia from Antiochus. As a result, Ptolemy II extends Egyptian rule as far as Caria and into most of Cilicia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172942#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "272 BC", "revid": 1354172942, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -261, "year_label": "262 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Seleucid king Antiochus I's eldest son Seleucus, who has ruled in the east of the kingdom as viceroy for a number of years, is put to death by his father on the charge of rebellion.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325948866#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "262 BC", "revid": 1325948866, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -261, "year_label": "262 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Antiochus I Soter, king of the Seleucid Kingdom from 281 BC (b. c. 323 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325948866#Deaths", "title": "262 BC", "revid": 1325948866, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -260, "year_label": "261 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The new Seleucid king Antiochus II reaches an agreement with the king of Macedonia, Antigonus II Gonatas, to work together in trying to push Ptolemy II's fleet and armies out of the Aegean Sea. With Macedonia's support, Antiochus II launches an attack on Ptolemaic outposts in Asia Minor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1278727971#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "261 BC", "revid": 1278727971, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -254, "year_label": "255 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Diodotus I, Seleucid satrap of Bactria, rebels against Antiochus II and becomes the founder of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340601033#Bactria", "title": "255 BC", "revid": 1340601033, "section": "Events › By place › Bactria"}}, {"year": -245, "year_label": "246 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Antiochus II Theos, king of the Seleucid dominions in the Middle East from 261 BC. He has spent much of his reign at war with Egypt, recovering much of the territory in Anatolia lost in earlier wars between the Ptolemaic and Seleucid dynasties (b. c. 287 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358219611#Deaths", "title": "246 BC", "revid": 1358219611, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -245, "year_label": "246 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Berenice, daughter of Ptolemy II Philadelphus and Arsinoe, wife of the Seleucid ruler Antiochus II Theos, supplanting his first wife, Laodice, whose children she has persuaded him to bar from the succession to the throne in favour of her own.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358219611#Deaths", "title": "246 BC", "revid": 1358219611, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -235, "year_label": "236 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Antiochus Hierax, supported by his mother Laodice I, allies himself with the Galatians (Celts) and two other states that are traditional foes of the Seleucid kingdom. With the aid of these forces, he inflicts a crushing defeat on his older brother Seleucus II's army at Ancyra in Anatolia. Seleucus leaves the country beyond the Taurus Mountains to his brother and the other powers of the peninsula.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368088891#Asia_Minor", "title": "236 BC", "revid": 1368088891, "section": "Events › By place › Asia Minor"}}, {"year": -226, "year_label": "227 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Antiochus Hierax tries to raise revolts against his brother Seleucus II in Syria and the east of the Seleucid kingdom. However, he is captured and exiled to Thrace, where he lives as a virtual prisoner.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1288758207#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "227 BC", "revid": 1288758207, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -225, "year_label": "226 BCE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Antiochus Hierax, brother of the Seleucid King Seleucus II manages to escape from captivity in Thrace and flees to the mountains to raise an army, but he is killed by a band of Galatians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360927548#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "226 BC", "revid": 1360927548, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -225, "year_label": "226 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Seleucus II Callinicus, king of the Seleucid kingdom from 246 BC", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360927548#Deaths", "title": "226 BC", "revid": 1360927548, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -222, "year_label": "223 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Seleucid king Seleucus III is assassinated by members of his army while on campaign against Attalus of Pergamon in Phrygia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1243366265#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "223 BC", "revid": 1243366265, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -221, "year_label": "222 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Seleucid forces under their general Achaeus succeed in winning back all the Seleucid domains in Asia Minor (lost six years earlier to Pergamum).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1295080485#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "222 BC", "revid": 1295080485, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -219, "year_label": "220 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Antiochus III's commander in Anatolia, Achaeus, having recovered all the districts which Attalus of Pergamum has gained, is accused by Hermeias, the chief minister of Antiochus, of intending to revolt. In self-defence, Achaeus assumes the title of king and rules over the Anatolian parts of the Seleucid kingdom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360598324#Anatolia", "title": "220 BC", "revid": 1360598324, "section": "Events › By place › Anatolia"}}, {"year": -218, "year_label": "219 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Following the defection of one of Ptolemy IV's leading commanders, Egypt's Syrian territories are seriously threatened by Antiochus III, thus initiating the Fourth Syrian War. When the Seleucid ruler captures the important eastern Mediterranean sea ports of Seleucia-in-Pieria, Tyre, and Ptolemais, Ptolemy IV's advisor, Sosibius, and the Ptolemaic court enter into delaying negotiations with the enemy, while the Ptolemaic army is reorganized and intensively drilled.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325717539#Egypt", "title": "219 BC", "revid": 1325717539, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -216, "year_label": "217 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 22", "text": "June 22 – Egyptian native hoplites under Ptolemy IV crush the Seleucid army under Antiochus III in the Battle of Raphia near Gaza. The realization of their military importance leads to demands by native Egyptians for greater privileges and so to the development of racial difficulties which will weaken the Ptolemy dynasty in the future.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1306223252#Egypt", "title": "217 BC", "revid": 1306223252, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -214, "year_label": "215 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Seleucid king, Antiochus III, crosses the Taurus Mountains, uniting his forces with Attalus of Pergamum and, in one campaign, deprives his rebel general, Achaeus, of all his dominions and takes Sardis (with the exception of the citadel).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1337286145#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "215 BC", "revid": 1337286145, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -212, "year_label": "213 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Achaeus, Seleucid general and later separatist ruler of most of Anatolia until his defeat and execution by the Seleucid king Antiochus III", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352698514#Deaths", "title": "213 BC", "revid": 1352698514, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -211, "year_label": "212 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Having recovered the central part of Anatolia from the usurper Achaeus, Antiochus III turns his forces to recover the outlying provinces to the north and east of the Seleucid kingdom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325637712#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "212 BC", "revid": 1325637712, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -208, "year_label": "209 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The King of the Parthians, Arsaces II, is attacked by the Seleucid king Antiochus III, who takes Hecatompylos (southeast of the Caspian Sea), the Arsacid capital and Syrinx in Hyrcania. Antiochus III defeats Arsaces II at the Battle of Mount Labus and then forces Arsaces II to enter into an alliance with the Seleucids.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300115697#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "209 BC", "revid": 1300115697, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -207, "year_label": "208 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Antiochus III advances into Bactria, which is ruled by the Greco-Bactrian king Euthydemus I, and defeats Euthydemus at the Battle of the Arius. After resisting a siege of his capital Bactra (Balkh) by the Seleucids, Euthydemus obtains an honourable peace by which Antiochus promises Euthydemus' son Demetrius the hand of one of his daughters.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364334903#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "208 BC", "revid": 1364334903, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -204, "year_label": "205 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Antiochus III returns from his eastern campaigns, after having defeated the Bactrians and subjugated the Parthians and thus being able to partly restore Seleucid power in these provinces by crushing the revolting governors of Media, Persia and Anatolia. Having established a system of vassal states in the East, Antiochus now adopts the ancient Achaemenid title of \"great king\", and the Greeks, comparing him to Alexander the Great, surname him \"the Great\", that is to say Antiochus III Megas.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361853505#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "205 BC", "revid": 1361853505, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -203, "year_label": "204 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Philip V of Macedon and Antiochus III of the Syrian-based Seleucid kingdom realize Egypt's weakness and agree to partition Egypt's Anatolian and Aegean possessions. Antiochus' share is to be southern Syria, Lycia, Cilicia and Cyprus, while Philip is to gain western Anatolia and the Cyclades.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300115585#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "204 BC", "revid": 1300115585, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -201, "year_label": "202 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "During this period of confusion and change amongst Egypt’s leadership, armies under the Seleucid king, Antiochus III, make serious inroads into the Egyptian territories in Coele-Syria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1278127245#Egypt", "title": "202 BC", "revid": 1278127245, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -197, "year_label": "198 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Battle of Panium is fought between Seleucid forces led by Antiochus III and Ptolemaic forces led by Scopas of Aetolia. The Seleucids win the battle which allows Antiochus III to obtain entire possession of Palestine and Coele-Syria from King Ptolemy V of Egypt. Though the Romans send ambassadors to Ptolemy V, they are unable to lend him any serious assistance against Antiochus III.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352698641#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "198 BC", "revid": 1352698641, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -194, "year_label": "195 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Because of his administrative and constitutional reforms in Carthage, Hannibal becomes unpopular with an important faction of the Carthaginian nobility and he is denounced to the Romans for inciting the Seleucid king Antiochus III to take up arms against the Romans. Rome demands that Carthage surrender Hannibal. However, Hannibal voluntarily goes into exile.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300115647#Carthage", "title": "195 BC", "revid": 1300115647, "section": "Events › By place › Carthage"}}, {"year": -192, "year_label": "193 BCE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Eumenes II of Pergamum appeals to Rome for help against the Seleucid king Antiochus III who is threatening to conquer Greece. The Roman proconsul Titus Quinctius Flamininus supports the Roman championship of Greek autonomy in Anatolia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1213018923#Greece", "title": "193 BC", "revid": 1213018923, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -191, "year_label": "192 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Seleucid forces under their king, Antiochus III, invade Greece at the invitation of the Aetolian League, who are revolting against the Romans. The Aetolians appoint him commander in chief of their league. Antiochus lands in Demetrias, Thessaly with only 10,500 men and occupies Euboea. However, he finds little support for his cause in central Greece.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342604594#Greece", "title": "192 BC", "revid": 1342604594, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -190, "year_label": "191 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Romans under Manius Acilius Glabrio and Cato the Elder cut the Seleucid king Antiochus III off from his reinforcements in Thrace and outflank his position at the pass of Thermopylae in the Battle of Thermopylae. With the remainder of his troops, Antiochus flees to Chalcis on Euboea and from there he retreats by sea to Ephesus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1356019531#Roman_Republic", "title": "191 BC", "revid": 1356019531, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -189, "year_label": "190 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Battle of the Eurymedon is fought between a Seleucid fleet and ships from Rhodes and Pergamum, who are allied with the Roman Republic. The Seleucids are led by the famous Carthaginian general Hannibal. The Rhodians and their allies are victorious and Hannibal's fleet is forced to flee.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342606670#Greece", "title": "190 BC", "revid": 1342606670, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -187, "year_label": "188 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Through the peace treaty of Apamea (in Phrygia), the Romans force the Seleucid king, Antiochus III, to surrender all his Greek and Anatolian possessions as far east as the Taurus Mountains, to pay 15,000 talents over a period of 12 years and to surrender to Rome the former Carthaginian general Hannibal, his elephants and his fleet, and furnish hostages, including the king's eldest son, Demetrius. Rome is now the master of the eastern Mediterranean while Antiochus III's empire is reduced to Syria, Mesopotamia, and western Iran.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560521#Roman_Republic", "title": "188 BC", "revid": 1369560521, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -187, "year_label": "188 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Following the peace of Apamea, Eumenes II receives the provinces of Phrygia, Lydia, Lycia, Pisidia, and Pamphylia from his Roman allies, as the Romans have no desire to actually administer territory in Hellenistic Anatolia but want to see a strong, friendly state in Anatolia as a buffer zone against any possible Seleucid expansion in the future.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560521#Asia_Minor", "title": "188 BC", "revid": 1369560521, "section": "Events › By place › Asia Minor"}}, {"year": -186, "year_label": "187 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Seleucid king, Antiochus III, attempts to collect tribute from a temple near Susa, Persia, where he was killed. He is succeeded by his son, Seleucus IV, who inherits an empire consisting of Syria, Mesopotamia, Babylonia, western Iran.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1223702100#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "187 BC", "revid": 1223702100, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -184, "year_label": "185 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Roman general Scipio Africanus and his brother Lucius are accused by Cato the Elder and his supporters of having received bribes from the late Seleucid king Antiochus III. Scipio defies his accusers, reminds the Romans of their debt to him, and retires to his country house at Liternum in Campania. However, Cato is successful in breaking the political influence of Lucius Scipio and Scipio Africanus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369352571#Roman_Republic", "title": "185 BC", "revid": 1369352571, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -179, "year_label": "180 BCE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Ptolemy VI Philometor, aged 6, rules as co-regent with his mother, Cleopatra I, who, although a daughter of a Seleucid king, does not take King Seleucus IV's side and remains on friendly terms with Rome.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1266100368#Egypt", "title": "180 BC", "revid": 1266100368, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -176, "year_label": "177 BCE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Perseus of Macedonia marries Laodice, the daughter of the Seleucid king Seleucus IV.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1242433424#Greece", "title": "177 BC", "revid": 1242433424, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -169, "year_label": "170 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "With the guardians of the young king Ptolemy VI Philometor demanding the return of Coele-Syria to Egyptian control, the Seleucid king, Antiochus IV Epiphanes, decides on a preemptive strike against Egypt and invades the country, conquering all but the city of Alexandria. He is also able to capture Ptolemy VI.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1289094585#Egypt", "title": "170 BC", "revid": 1289094585, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -168, "year_label": "169 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Perseus asks the Seleucid King Antiochus IV to join forces with him against the danger that Rome presents to all of the Hellenic monarchs. Antiochus IV does not respond.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360213483#Greece", "title": "169 BC", "revid": 1360213483, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -167, "year_label": "168 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The fleet of the Seleucid king Antiochus IV wins a victory off Cyprus, whose governor then surrenders the island to him.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352698468#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "168 BC", "revid": 1352698468, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -165, "year_label": "166 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Seleucid king Antiochus IV mounts a campaign against the Parthians who are threatening his empire in the east. He leaves his chancellor, Lysias, with responsibility for the government of southern Syria and the guardianship of his son.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1209983742#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "166 BC", "revid": 1209983742, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -165, "year_label": "166 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Mattathias, father of Judas Maccabaeus, Jewish priest from Modi'in, near Jerusalem, who has started and briefly led a rebellion by the Jews in Judea against the Seleucid kingdom of Syria", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1209983742#Deaths", "title": "166 BC", "revid": 1209983742, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -164, "year_label": "165 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Artaxias I, king of Armenia, is taken captive by the Seleucid king Antiochus IV Epiphanes when he attacks Armenia. Artaxias is forced to recognize Antiochus IV's suzerainty over Armenia before he is released.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1209983876#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "165 BC", "revid": 1209983876, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -163, "year_label": "164 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Cleopatra Thea Euergetis (\"Benefactress\"), ruler of the Seleucid kingdom from 125 BC, a daughter of Ptolemy VI of Egypt and his sister/wife Cleopatra II (d. 121 BC) (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1288884961#Births", "title": "164 BC", "revid": 1288884961, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -163, "year_label": "164 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Antiochus IV Epiphanes (\"God Manifest\"), Seleucid king of the Syrian kingdom who has reigned since 175 BC, and has encouraged Greek culture and institutions but also attempted to suppress Judaism, which has led to the uprisings in Judea towards the end of his reign (b. c. 215 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1288884961#Deaths", "title": "164 BC", "revid": 1288884961, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -161, "year_label": "162 BCE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "The Maccabees, under the leadership of Judas Maccabeus, continue their struggle against the Seleucids and persecute the Hellenising faction in Judea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370480795#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "162 BC", "revid": 1370480795, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -161, "year_label": "162 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Lysias or Lusias, Seleucid general and governor of Syria and regent for Antiochus V Eupator", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370480795#Deaths", "title": "162 BC", "revid": 1370480795, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -160, "year_label": "161 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The rebel Seleucid general and ruler of Media, Timarchus, who has distinguished himself by defending Media against the emergent Parthians, treats Demetrius I's violent accession to the Seleucid throne as the excuse to declare himself an independent king and extend his realm from Media into Babylonia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1311856799#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "161 BC", "revid": 1311856799, "section": "Events › by side › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -160, "year_label": "161 BCE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Jewish High Priest Menelaus, who is supported by the Hellenist party, is removed from office and is executed. His successor is a moderate member of the Hellenic party, Alcimus. However, when Alcimus executes sixty Jews who are opposed to him, he finds himself in open conflict with the Maccabees. Alcimus flees from Jerusalem and goes to Damascus to ask the Seleucid king, Demetrius I, for help.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1311856799#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "161 BC", "revid": 1311856799, "section": "Events › by side › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -159, "year_label": "160 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Seleucid king, Demetrius I Soter defeats a Jewish rebellion at Palestine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1266100355#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "160 BC", "revid": 1266100355, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -159, "year_label": "160 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Timarchus, Seleucid nobleman, possibly from Miletus in Anatolia, appointed governor of Media in western Iran by the Seleucid king Antiochus IV Epiphanes and who has rebelled against his successor, Demetrius I Soter, until he is killed in a battle with Demetrius' forces", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1266100355#Deaths", "title": "160 BC", "revid": 1266100355, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -159, "year_label": "160 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "The Parthian King, Mithradates I, seizes Media from the Seleucids following the death of Timarchus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1266100355#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "160 BC", "revid": 1266100355, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -158, "year_label": "159 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "With the Seleucid victory in Judea over the Maccabees, Alcimus is re-established as the High Priest of Israel, and a strong force is left in Jerusalem to support him. However, he does not enjoy his triumph for long, as he dies soon after from a paralytic stroke.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1282394740#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "159 BC", "revid": 1282394740, "section": "Events › Greece › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -157, "year_label": "158 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "At the request of the Romans, Ariarathes V, king of Cappadocia, rejects a proposal from the Seleucid king, Demetrius I, for him to marry the sister of Demetrius I. In response, Seleucid forces attack Cappadocia and remove Ariarathes V from the Cappadocian throne. Demetrius I then replaces him with Orophernes Nicephorus, a supposed son of the late king, Ariarathes IV. With Ariarathes V deprived of his kingdom, he flees to Rome.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341939919#Asia_Minor", "title": "158 BC", "revid": 1341939919, "section": "Events › By place › Asia Minor"}}, {"year": -156, "year_label": "157 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Jonathan Maccabeus is recognised by the Seleucids as a minor king within their dominions.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1311551494#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "157 BC", "revid": 1311551494, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -156, "year_label": "157 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "After Ariarathes V has been deposed from the Cappadocian throne by the Seleucid king Demetrius I Soter and has fled to Rome, the new king of Cappadocia, Orophernes, sends two ambassadors to Rome to join the Seleucid emissaries of Demetrius in opposing Ariarathes V's return to power. Despite their efforts, Ariarathes V is restored to his throne by the Romans. However, Rome allows Orophernes to reign jointly with him. The joint government, however, does not last long, as Ariarathes V becomes sole king of Cappadocia shortly afterwards.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1311551494#Roman_Republic", "title": "157 BC", "revid": 1311551494, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -152, "year_label": "153 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Seleucid king Demetrius I Soter's relations with Attalus II Philadelphus of Pergamum and Ptolemy VI Philometor of Egypt deteriorate to the point where they support a rival claimant to the Syrian throne, Alexander Balas, who claims to be the son of the former Seleucid king Antiochus IV Epiphanes and, therefore, a first cousin of Demetrius. He has been \"discovered\" by Heracleides, a former minister of Antiochus IV and brother of Timarchus, who has been executed by Demetrius I Soter in 160 BC after leading a revolt against him in Media.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342803245#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "153 BC", "revid": 1342803245, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -151, "year_label": "152 BCE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The pretender to the Seleucid throne, Alexander Balas, makes contact with Jonathan Maccabeus offering him terms even more favorable than those offered by the king Demetrius I Soter. In particular, Alexander offers him the official appointment as High Priest in Jerusalem. In response, Jonathan withdraws his support from Demetrius and declares his allegiance to Alexander. Thus Jonathan becomes the first member of his family to achieve appointment as High Priest.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1242792269#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "152 BC", "revid": 1242792269, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -149, "year_label": "150 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The pretender to the Seleucid throne, Alexander Balas, who claims to be the son of the late Antiochus IV, defeats the Seleucid king, Demetrius I Soter, in battle and kills him. The Roman Senate, along with Attalus II Philadelphus of Pergamum and Ptolemy VI Philometor of Egypt, support Alexander Balas and he becomes the ruler of the Seleucid Empire. Demetrius I Soter's son, Demetrius, goes into exile in Crete.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1210509839#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "150 BC", "revid": 1210509839, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}]}