{"slug": "seljuk-dynasty", "label": "Seljuk dynasty", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seljuk_dynasty", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3708255", "qid": "Q3708255", "description": "Oghuz Turk Sunni Muslim dynasty that gradually became a Persianate society", "entries": 6, "years": 6, "span": [1068, 1214], "span_label": ["1068 CE", "1214 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 4}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "turkey", "label": "Turkey", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "alexios-i-komnenos", "label": "Alexios I Komnenos", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "anatolia", "label": "Anatolia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "balkans", "label": "Balkans", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "john-ii-komnenos", "label": "John II Komnenos", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "syria", "label": "Syria", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "aleppo", "label": "Aleppo", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mesopotamia", "label": "Mesopotamia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "euphrates", "label": "Euphrates", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "malatya", "label": "Malatya", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "romanos-iv-diogenes", "label": "Romanos IV Diogenes", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1068, "year_label": "1068 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Autumn – Romanos IV begins a campaign against the Seljuk Turks, leading a Byzantine expeditionary force (which is in poor condition). He is successful in recapturing the fortress city of Hieropolis (modern-day Manbij) near Aleppo in northern Syria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372127712#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1068", "revid": 1372127712, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1069, "year_label": "1069 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Emperor Romanos IV begins a campaign against the Seljuk Turks, and marches towards the Euphrates via Melitene. He crosses the river at Romanopolis (modern Turkey), and captures the strategic fortress city of Chliat on the north-western shore of Lake Van. Romanos leaves a Byzantine rear guard on the upper Euphrates under General Philaretos Brachamios with orders to defend the Mesopotamian frontier.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1243049384#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1069", "revid": 1243049384, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1082, "year_label": "1082 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – The Normans under Duke Robert Guiscard take Dyrrhachium (modern-day Durrës) in Illyria and advance inland, capturing most of Macedonia and Thessaly. Robert is forced to leave Greece to deal with an uprising in Italy. He leaves his son Bohemond in charge of the army, who lays siege to the city of Larissa. Emperor Alexios I Komnenos mobilizes a new army, and with the support of 7,000 Seljuk Turks he clears Thessaly from the Normans.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267070113#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1082", "revid": 1267070113, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1118, "year_label": "1118 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 15", "text": "August 15 – Emperor Alexios I Komnenos dies after a 37-year reign, in which he has regained control over western Anatolia (modern Turkey). He stabilizes his frontiers against the wars with the Normans in the western Balkans, and the Seljuk Turks in the East. Alexios is succeeded by his 30-year-old son, John II Komnenos (the Good), as ruler of the Byzantine Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365269195#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1118", "revid": 1365269195, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1134, "year_label": "1134 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Mas'ud becomes sultan of the Seljuk dynasty in Hamadan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1321069056#Asia", "title": "1134", "revid": 1321069056, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1214, "year_label": "1214 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 1", "text": "November 1 – Siege of Sinope: The Seljuk Turks under Sultan Kaykaus I capture the strategic Black Sea port city of Sinope – at the time held by the Empire of Trebizond (one of the Byzantine successor states formed after the Fourth Crusade). Emperor Alexios I of Trebizond leads an army to break the siege, but he is defeated and captured. His capture forces the Byzantines to accept tributary status to Kaykaus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1329586748#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1214", "revid": 1329586748, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}]}