{"slug": "seljuq-dynasty", "label": "Seljuq dynasty", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seljuq_dynasty", "wikidata": null, "qid": null, "description": null, "entries": 14, "years": 14, "span": [1040, 1194], "span_label": ["1040 CE", "1194 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 11}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 3}], "related": [{"slug": "anatolia", "label": "Anatolia", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "john-ii-komnenos", "label": "John II Komnenos", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "turkey", "label": "Turkey", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "sultanate-of-rum", "label": "Sultanate of Rum", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "balkans", "label": "Balkans", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "pechenegs", "label": "Pechenegs", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "bulgaria", "label": "Bulgaria", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "varangian-guard", "label": "Varangian Guard", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "anatolic-theme", "label": "Anatolic Theme", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ionia", "label": "Ionia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "danube", "label": "Danube", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1040, "year_label": "1040 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 23", "text": "May 23 – Battle of Dandanaqan: The Turkmen Seljuqs defeat the Ghaznavid forces (50,000 men) led by Sultan Masʽud I at Dandanaqan, a fortress city in the desert near Merv. Ghaznavid commanders Ali Daya and Begtoghdi are blamed for the defeat and executed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365593173#Islamic_world", "title": "1040", "revid": 1365593173, "section": "Events › By place › Islamic world"}}, {"year": 1043, "year_label": "1043 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Seljuqs under Tughril Beg expel the Oghuz Turks from Khorasan and conquer Qazvin (modern Iran). They become the new masters of the Ziyarid dynasty (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365591040#Arabian_Empire", "title": "1043", "revid": 1365591040, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 1054, "year_label": "1054 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Sultan Tughril leads a large Seljuk army out of Azerbaijan into Armenia, possibly to consolidate his frontier, while providing an incentive to his Turkoman allies in the form of plunder. Tughril divides his army into four columns, ordering three to veer off to the north to raid into central and northern Armenia, while he takes the fourth column towards Lake Van. The Seljuk Turks capture and sack the fortress city of Artchesh, after an 8-day siege.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267065294#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1054", "revid": 1267065294, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1065, "year_label": "1065 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Alp Arslan, leader of the Seljuk Turks, campaigns against the Kipchaks and the Türkmen in Central Asia. He captures the city of Kars and plunders the western provinces of Georgia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365271706#Seljuk_Empire", "title": "1065", "revid": 1365271706, "section": "Events › By place › Seljuk Empire"}}, {"year": 1074, "year_label": "1074 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Norman mercenaries, led by Roussel de Bailleul, proclaim John Doukas emperor of the Byzantine Empire. His nephew, Emperor Michael VII Doukas, forms an alliance with Seljuk chieftain Suleiman ibn Qutulmish, who is raiding in the eastern regions of Anatolia. The Seljuk Turks ambush the Norman forces; Roussel and John are defeated and captured; but a ransom, raised by Roussel's wife, allows him to return to Amaseia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1339713038#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1074", "revid": 1339713038, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1078, "year_label": "1078 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Nikephoros Botaneiates, a Byzantine general (strategos) of the Theme of the Anatolics, revolts against Emperor Michael VII Doukas. With the support of the Seljuk Turks who provide him with troops, Nikephoros marches upon Nicaea (modern Turkey). He defeats the imperial army and proclaims himself emperor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1329585949#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1078", "revid": 1329585949, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1079, "year_label": "1079 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Seljuk Turks under Sultan Suleiman ibn Qutulmish reach and occupy the western coast of Asia Minor, an area known since the Archaic Period (c. 800–c. 500 BC) as Ionia (modern Turkey).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267068328#Seljuk_Empire", "title": "1079", "revid": 1267068328, "section": "Events › By place › Seljuk Empire"}}, {"year": 1101, "year_label": "1101 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Crusade of 1101 – A second wave of European crusaders attempts to cross Anatolia, to reach the Kingdom of Jerusalem. They are defeated by the Seljuk troops under Sultan Kilij Arslan I, at Heraclea. A handful of crusaders under Raymond IV of Toulouse manage to reach the Byzantine port of Bafra, at the mouth of the River Halys.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365268186#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1101", "revid": 1365268186, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1104, "year_label": "1104 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 7", "text": "May 7 – Battle of Harran: The Crusaders under Baldwin II are defeated by the Seljuk Turks. Baldwin and Joscelin of Courtenay are taken prisoner. Tancred (nephew of Bohemond I) becomes regent of Edessa. The defeat at Harran marks a key turning point of Crusader expansion.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365271015#Levant", "title": "1104", "revid": 1365271015, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1120, "year_label": "1120 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Siege of Sozopolis: Byzantine forces under Emperor John II Komnenos conquer Sozopolis in Pisidia, from the Sultanate of Rum. The Seljuk garrison is defeated while they are trapped between the Byzantine cavalry and the army (which is besieging the fortress).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1298169999#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1120", "revid": 1298169999, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1121, "year_label": "1121 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emperor John II Komnenos recovers southwestern Anatolia (modern Turkey) from the Seljuk Turks and then hastens to the Balkans, where the Pechenegs are continuing their incursions. He transfers Byzantine troops to the Danube frontier at Paristrion.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362154597#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1121", "revid": 1362154597, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1122, "year_label": "1122 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Beroia: Emperor John II Komnenos transfers the Byzantine field army from Asia Minor (where it has been engaged against the Seljuk Turks) to the Balkans. The Pechenegs who have set up their camp (defended by a circular formation of wagons) near Beroia (modern Bulgaria) are defeated. John orders the Varangian Guard (some 480 men), the elite Palace Guard to hack their way through the Pecheneg circle of wagons, causing a general rout in their camp. Pecheneg survivors are taken captive and enlisted into the Byzantine army.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373038979#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1122", "revid": 1373038979, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1176, "year_label": "1176 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Emperor Manuel I (Komnenos) assembles a Byzantine expeditionary force, and marches towards Iconium, the Seljuk capital. Meanwhile, hordes of Seljuk Turks destroy crops and poison water supplies, to make Manuel's march more difficult, and harass the Byzantine army, in order to force it into the Meander Valley. Kilij Arslan II, ruler of the Sultanate of Rum, hears of the expedition, and sends envoys to ask for peace.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366532887#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1176", "revid": 1366532887, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1194, "year_label": "1194 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 10", "text": "March 10 – Sultan Toghrul III is defeated and killed in battle with Ala ad-Din Tekish, near Rey in Persia – ending the Seljuq dynasty of Hamedan. The Seljuk Empire passes to the Khwarazmian dynasty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1292975381#Seljuk_Empire", "title": "1194", "revid": 1292975381, "section": "Events › By place › Seljuk Empire"}}]}