{"slug": "seven-years-war", "label": "Seven Years' War", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33143", "qid": "Q33143", "description": "global war among European powers (1756–1763)", "entries": 49, "years": 10, "span": [1750, 1764], "span_label": ["1750 CE", "1764 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 43}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 4}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "french-and-indian-war", "label": "French and Indian War", "shared": 10}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-great-britain", "label": "Kingdom of Great Britain", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "havana", "label": "Havana", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "royal-colony-of-north-carolina", "label": "Royal Colony of North Carolina", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "russian-empire", "label": "Russian Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "berlin", "label": "Berlin", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "prussia", "label": "Prussia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "frederick-the-great", "label": "Frederick the Great", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "archduchy-of-austria", "label": "Archduchy of Austria", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "pittsburgh", "label": "Pittsburgh", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "spain", "label": "Spain", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "cuba", "label": "Cuba", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1750, "year_label": "1750 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 25", "text": "December 25 – Prussia and Russia break off diplomatic relations after the Russians refuse to stop assisting the Electorate of Saxony. Five years later, the two Empires fight the Seven Years' War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349828876#October–December", "title": "1750", "revid": 1349828876, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1756, "year_label": "1756 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 14", "text": "August 14 – Seven Years' War: French and Indian War – Fort Oswego falls to the French.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349937992#July–September", "title": "1756", "revid": 1349937992, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1756, "year_label": "1756 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December", "text": "December – Seven Years' War – French and Indian War: Militias of the Royal Colony of North Carolina build a fort on the province's western frontier to protect it against natives allied with the French. The fort is named Fort Dobbs in honor of North Carolina Governor Arthur Dobbs, who persuaded the North Carolina legislature to fund the construction a year earlier.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349937992#October–December", "title": "1756", "revid": 1349937992, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1756, "year_label": "1756 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 29", "text": "June 29 – Seven Years' War: Siege of Fort St Philip at Port Mahón: The British garrison in Menorca surrenders to the French after two months' siege by the Duke of Richelieu.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349937992#April–June", "title": "1756", "revid": 1349937992, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1756, "year_label": "1756 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 17", "text": "May 17 – The Seven Years' War formally begins, when Great Britain declares war on France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349937992#April–June", "title": "1756", "revid": 1349937992, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1756, "year_label": "1756 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 20", "text": "May 20 – Seven Years' War: Battle of Minorca – The British fleet under John Byng is defeated by the French under Roland-Michel Barrin de La Galissonière.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349937992#April–June", "title": "1756", "revid": 1349937992, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1756, "year_label": "1756 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 1", "text": "October 1 – Seven Years' War: Battle of Lobositz – Frederick defeats an Austrian army under Marshal Maximilian Ulysses, Reichsgraf von Browne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349937992#October–December", "title": "1756", "revid": 1349937992, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1757, "year_label": "1757 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 30", "text": "August 30 – Seven Years' War: Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf – A Prussian army under Hans von Lehwaldt is defeated by the Russian army under Marshal Stepan Apraksin.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370632620#July–September", "title": "1757", "revid": 1370632620, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1757, "year_label": "1757 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 5", "text": "December 5 – Seven Years' War: Battle of Leuthen – Frederick defeats Prince Charles's Austrian army, in what is generally considered the Prussian king's greatest tactical victory.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370632620#October–December", "title": "1757", "revid": 1370632620, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1757, "year_label": "1757 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 2", "text": "January 2 – Seven Years' War: The British East India Company Army, under the command of Robert Clive, captures Calcutta, India.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370632620#January–March", "title": "1757", "revid": 1370632620, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1757, "year_label": "1757 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 18", "text": "June 18 – Seven Years' War: Battle of Kolín – Frederick is defeated by an Austrian army under Marshal Daun, forcing him to evacuate Bohemia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370632620#April–June", "title": "1757", "revid": 1370632620, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1757, "year_label": "1757 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 6", "text": "May 6 – Seven Years' War: Battle of Prague – Frederick the Great defeats an Austrian army, and begins to besiege the city.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370632620#April–June", "title": "1757", "revid": 1370632620, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1757, "year_label": "1757 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 22", "text": "November 22 – Seven Years' War: Battle of Breslau – An Austrian army under Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine defeats the Prussian army of Wilhelm of Brunswick-Bevern, and forces the Prussians behind the Oder.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370632620#October–December", "title": "1757", "revid": 1370632620, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1757, "year_label": "1757 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 5", "text": "November 5 – Seven Years' War: Battle of Rossbach – Frederick defeats the French-Imperial army under the Duc de Soubise and Prince Joseph of Saxe-Hildburghausen, forcing the French to withdraw from Saxony.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370632620#October–December", "title": "1757", "revid": 1370632620, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1757, "year_label": "1757 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "October 16", "text": "October 16 – Seven Years' War: Raid on Berlin – Hungarian raiders (3,400 horseman) under Count András Hadik plunder Berlin. He demands that the city council pay a ransom of 200,000 thalers and a dozen pairs of gloves for Empress Maria Theresa. The Hungarians leave the Prussian capital after they received messages about a Prussian relief force under Prince Dietrich von Anhalt-Dessau, marching towards Berlin.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370632620#October–December", "title": "1757", "revid": 1370632620, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1758, "year_label": "1758 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Hyder Ali and his Sepoy capture Bangalore from \"Khande Rao of the Maratha Confederacy\". (Part of the Seven Years' War).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366206062#Date_unknown", "title": "1758", "revid": 1366206062, "section": "Deaths › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1758, "year_label": "1758 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 25", "text": "August 25 – Seven Years' War – Battle of Zorndorf: Frederick halts the Russian army of Count Wilhelm Fermor near the Oder.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366206062#July–September", "title": "1758", "revid": 1366206062, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1758, "year_label": "1758 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 27", "text": "August 27 – Seven Years' War – British troops under the command of Colonel John Bradstreet capture Fort Frontenac (near the site of what is now Kingston, Ontario) from the French.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366206062#July–September", "title": "1758", "revid": 1366206062, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1758, "year_label": "1758 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 3", "text": "August 3 – Seven Years' War – Battle of Negapatam: Off the coast of India, Admiral Pocock again engages d'Aché's French fleet, this time with more success.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366206062#July–September", "title": "1758", "revid": 1366206062, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1758, "year_label": "1758 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 25", "text": "July 25 – Seven Years' War – French and Indian War: The island battery at Fortress Louisbourg is silenced, and all French warships are destroyed or taken.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366206062#July–September", "title": "1758", "revid": 1366206062, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1758, "year_label": "1758 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 6", "text": "July 6 – Seven Years' War – Battle of Bernetz Brook: British troops defeat the French.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366206062#July–September", "title": "1758", "revid": 1366206062, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1758, "year_label": "1758 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 21", "text": "May 21 – Seven Years' War – French and Indian War: Mary Campbell is abducted from her home in Pennsylvania by members of the Lenape Nation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366206062#April–June", "title": "1758", "revid": 1366206062, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1758, "year_label": "1758 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 25", "text": "November 25 – Seven Years' War: French and Indian War: French forces abandon Fort Duquesne to the British, who then name the area Pittsburgh.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366206062#October–December", "title": "1758", "revid": 1366206062, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1758, "year_label": "1758 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 14", "text": "October 14 – Seven Years' War: Battle of Hochkirch: Frederick loses a hard-fought battle against the Austrians under Marshal Leopold von Daun, who besieges Dresden.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366206062#October–December", "title": "1758", "revid": 1366206062, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1758, "year_label": "1758 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 14", "text": "September 14 – Seven Years' War – French and Indian War: Battle of Fort Duquesne: A British attack on Fort Duquesne (modern-day Pittsburgh) is defeated.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366206062#July–September", "title": "1758", "revid": 1366206062, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1759, "year_label": "1759 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 13", "text": "April 13 – Seven Years' War – Battle of Bergen: A French army defeats Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick in Hesse.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354612770#April–June", "title": "1759", "revid": 1354612770, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1759, "year_label": "1759 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 25", "text": "July 25 – Seven Years' War (French and Indian War): In Canada, British forces capture Fort Niagara from the French, who subsequently abandon Fort Rouillé.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354612770#July–September", "title": "1759", "revid": 1354612770, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1759, "year_label": "1759 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 26", "text": "July 26–27 – Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) – Battle of Ticonderoga: At the southern end of Lake Champlain, French forces withdraw from Fort Carillon, which is taken by the British under General Amherst, and renamed Fort Ticonderoga.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354612770#July–September", "title": "1759", "revid": 1354612770, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1759, "year_label": "1759 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 10", "text": "May 10 – The Macedonian Hussar Regiment is formed and starts to assist the Russian Empire in the Seven Years' War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354612770#April–June", "title": "1759", "revid": 1354612770, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1759, "year_label": "1759 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 20", "text": "November 20 – Battle of Quiberon Bay: The British fleet of Sir Edward Hawke defeats a French fleet under Marshal de Conflans, near the coast of Brittany. This is the decisive naval engagement of the Seven Years' War – after this, the French are no longer able to field a significant fleet.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354612770#October–December", "title": "1759", "revid": 1354612770, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1759, "year_label": "1759 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 13", "text": "September 13 – Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) – Battle of the Plains of Abraham: Quebec falls to British forces, following General James Wolfe's victory just outside the city. Both the French Commander (the Marquis de Montcalm) and the British General Wolfe are fatally wounded.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354612770#July–September", "title": "1759", "revid": 1354612770, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1760, "year_label": "1760 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 3", "text": "April 3 – Great Britain and Prussia agree to begin peace negotiations to end the Seven Years' War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358844484#April–June", "title": "1760", "revid": 1358844484, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1760, "year_label": "1760 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 30", "text": "August 30 – Seven Years' War: Battle of Legnica – By a series of brilliant maneuvers, Frederick the Great manages to defeat the Austrian army of Marshal Laudon before it can unite with that of Marshal Daun.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358844484#July–September", "title": "1760", "revid": 1358844484, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1760, "year_label": "1760 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 21", "text": "February 21–26 – Seven Years' War: Battle of Carrickfergus in the north of Ireland – A force of French troops, under the command of privateer François Thurot, captures and holds the town and castle of Carrickfergus before retiring; the force is defeated (and Thurot killed) in the naval Battle of Bishops Court in the Irish Sea on February 28.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358844484#January–March", "title": "1760", "revid": 1358844484, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1760, "year_label": "1760 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 27", "text": "February 27 – Seven Years' War: French and Indian War & Anglo-Cherokee War – Cherokee natives attack a North Carolina militia stationed at Fort Dobbs, in the western part of the province. The attack is repelled by the militia, under the command of General Hugh Waddell.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358844484#January–March", "title": "1760", "revid": 1358844484, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1760, "year_label": "1760 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 22", "text": "January 22 – Seven Years' War – Battle of Wandiwash, India: British general Sir Eyre Coote is victorious over the French under the Marquis de Bussy-Castelnau.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358844484#January–March", "title": "1760", "revid": 1358844484, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1760, "year_label": "1760 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 31", "text": "July 31 – Seven Years' War: Battle of Warburg – The Anglo-Hanoverian army of Ferdinand of Brunswick storms Warburg, with a heroic role being played by the English commander Lord Granby.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358844484#July–September", "title": "1760", "revid": 1358844484, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1760, "year_label": "1760 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 8", "text": "July 8 – Seven Years' War: French and Indian War – Battle of Restigouche: The British defeat French forces, in the last naval battle in New France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358844484#July–September", "title": "1760", "revid": 1358844484, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1760, "year_label": "1760 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 3", "text": "November 3 – Seven Years' War: Battle of Torgau – In another extremely hard battle, Frederick defeats Daun's Austrians, who withdraw across the Elbe.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358844484#October–December", "title": "1760", "revid": 1358844484, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1760, "year_label": "1760 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 16", "text": "October 16 – Seven Years' War: Battle of Kloster-Kamp – Ferdinand of Brunswick is beaten back from the Rhine by a French army.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358844484#October–December", "title": "1760", "revid": 1358844484, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1760, "year_label": "1760 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 9", "text": "October 9 – Seven Years' War: Russian troops enter Berlin.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358844484#October–December", "title": "1760", "revid": 1358844484, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1760, "year_label": "1760 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 8", "text": "September 8 – Seven Years' War: Jeffery Amherst and his British troops capture Montreal from the French, effectively bringing Canada completely under British control.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358844484#July–September", "title": "1760", "revid": 1358844484, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1761, "year_label": "1761 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 16", "text": "December 16 – Seven Years' War: After four months of siege, the Russians under Pyotr Rumyantsev take the Prussian fortress of Kolberg.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369831762#October–December", "title": "1761", "revid": 1369831762, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1762, "year_label": "1762 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 13", "text": "August 13 – Seven Years' War: The Battle of Havana concludes after more than two months, with the surrender of Havana by Spain to Great Britain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340806393#July–September", "title": "1762", "revid": 1340806393, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1762, "year_label": "1762 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 4", "text": "January 4 – Seven Years' War: Britain declares war against Spain and Naples, following their recent alliance with France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340806393#January–March", "title": "1762", "revid": 1340806393, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1762, "year_label": "1762 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 15", "text": "September 15 – French and Indian War: Battle of Signal Hill – British troops defeat the French in the last battle of the North American theatre of the Seven Years' War, fought in the Newfoundland Colony.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340806393#July–September", "title": "1762", "revid": 1340806393, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1763, "year_label": "1763 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 10", "text": "February 10 – Seven Years' War – French and Indian War: The Treaty of Paris ends the war, and France cedes Canada (New France) to Great Britain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360202149#January–March", "title": "1763", "revid": 1360202149, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1763, "year_label": "1763 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 15", "text": "February 15 – The Treaty of Hubertusburg puts an end to the Seven Years' War between Prussia and Austria, and their allies France and Russia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360202149#January–March", "title": "1763", "revid": 1360202149, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1764, "year_label": "1764 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 6", "text": "July 6 – The last British troops depart Havana, Cuba, two years after having captured it from Spain during the Seven Years' War. The removal of troops follows the treaty between the two Kingdoms, with Spain ceding West Florida to Great Britain in return for the Havana withdrawal.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363539304#July–September", "title": "1764", "revid": 1363539304, "section": "Events › July–September"}}]}