{"slug": "seville", "label": "Seville", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seville", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8717", "qid": "Q8717", "description": "municipality of Andalusia, Spain", "entries": 41, "years": 39, "span": [-205, 1986], "span_label": ["206 BCE", "1986 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 24}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 4}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 4}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 3}, {"title": "Births", "count": 2}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "spain", "label": "Spain", "shared": 9}, {"slug": "al-andalus", "label": "Al-Andalus", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "cordoba-spain", "label": "Córdoba, Spain", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "visigoths", "label": "Visigoths", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "iberian-peninsula", "label": "Iberian Peninsula", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "liuvigild", "label": "Liuvigild", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "hermenegild", "label": "Hermenegild", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-castile", "label": "Kingdom of Castile", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "ferdinand-iii-of-castile", "label": "Ferdinand III of Castile", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "andalusia", "label": "Andalusia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "toledo-spain", "label": "Toledo, Spain", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "alfonso-x-of-castile", "label": "Alfonso X of Castile", "shared": 3}], "items": [{"year": -205, "year_label": "206 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The city of Italica (northwest of modern Seville, Spain) is founded by Scipio as a place to settle for the Roman soldiers wounded in the Battle of Ilipa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361853494#Roman_Republic", "title": "206 BC", "revid": 1361853494, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -205, "year_label": "206 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "In the Battle of Ilipa (Alcalá del Río, near Seville) in Spain, the Carthaginian generals, Mago Barca and Hasdrubal Gisco, are defeated by the Roman general Publius Cornelius Scipio. Mago retreats to Gades (modern Cádiz) and then sails for the Balearic Islands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361853494#Roman_Republic", "title": "206 BC", "revid": 1361853494, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": 441, "year_label": "441 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Rechila invades Baetica and conquers the capital Seville. The Romans are driven from the Iberian Peninsula with the exception of the Levante.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1339010572#Europe", "title": "441", "revid": 1339010572, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 534, "year_label": "534 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Leander, bishop of Seville (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353013996#Births", "title": "534", "revid": 1353013996, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 549, "year_label": "549 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Agila I succeeds Theudigisel as king of the Visigoths, after he is murdered by a group of conspirators during a banquet in Seville.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369557736#Europe", "title": "549", "revid": 1369557736, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 551, "year_label": "551 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Athanagild revolts against the Visigothic king Agila. Their armies meet at Seville (Andalusia), and Agila is defeated.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362066549#Europe", "title": "551", "revid": 1362066549, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 579, "year_label": "579 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Hermenegild, son of Visigothic king Liuvigild, marries Ingund. He rebels against his father, starting in Seville (Southern Spain), and declares himself Catholic.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267073496#Europe", "title": "579", "revid": 1267073496, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 583, "year_label": "583 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Liuvigild lays siege to Seville (Southern Spain), and forms an alliance with the Byzantines. He summons his rebellious son Hermenegild back to Toledo, and forces him to abandon the Chalcedonian Faith.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372793107#Europe", "title": "583", "revid": 1372793107, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 584, "year_label": "584 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Visigoths under King Liuvigild capture the city of Seville, after a siege of nearly 2 years. His rebellious son Hermenegild seeks refuge in a church at Córdoba, but is arrested and banished to Tarragona. His wife Inguld flees with her son to Africa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364754048#Europe", "title": "584", "revid": 1364754048, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 600, "year_label": "600 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March 13", "text": "March 13 - Leander, bishop of Seville possibly in 601)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364751689#Deaths", "title": "600", "revid": 1364751689, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 601, "year_label": "601 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March 13", "text": "March 13 or 600 – Leander, bishop of Seville", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364903478#Deaths", "title": "601", "revid": 1364903478, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 711, "year_label": "711 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 19", "text": "July 19 – Battle of Guadalete: The Muslim Arabs defeat the Visigothic army (33,000 men) under King Roderick, who dies in battle. The Visigoth capital of Toledo opens its city gates; Tariq ibn Ziyad sends Moorish detachments to capture the cities of Córdoba and Seville (Andalusia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358403455#Arabian_Empire", "title": "AD 711", "revid": 1358403455, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 712, "year_label": "712 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Umayyad conquest of Hispania: From North Africa, Musa ibn Nusayr lands in Iberia (Al-Andalus), with an army of 18,000 Arabs and Berbers. He joins the Islamic conquest and captures the city of Seville (Andalusia), where he meets stiff resistance after 3-months of siege.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357552155#Arabian_Empire", "title": "712", "revid": 1357552155, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 714, "year_label": "714 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Umayyad conquest of Hispania: Continuing campaigns of Muslim domination of the Iberian Peninsula. Arab forces raid the valley of the Ebro River, and capture the fortress city of Zaragoza. Musa ibn Nusayr is made protector (wali) of Al-Andalus, with his capital at Seville (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468088#Arabian_Empire", "title": "714", "revid": 1364468088, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 756, "year_label": "756 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May", "text": "May – Prince Abd al-Rahman I and his followers capture the city of Seville without violence. He defeats Yusuf ibn 'Abd al-Rahman al-Fihri in a battle for control of the Muslim-ruled parts of the Iberian Peninsula (al-Andalus). Abd al-Rahman establishes the Emirate of Córdoba. During his reign trade and culture flourish, along with the construction of Islamic architecture (including the Great Mosque of Córdoba).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366654675#Europe", "title": "756", "revid": 1366654675, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 844, "year_label": "844 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Viking raiders ascend the River Garonne as far as the city of Toulouse, and pillage the lands of Septimania. Part of the marauding Vikings invades Galicia (Northern Spain), where some perish in a storm at sea. After being defeated in Corunna, the Scandinavian raiders sack the Umayyad cities of Seville (see below), Niebla, Beja, and Lisbon.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342120631#Europe", "title": "844", "revid": 1342120631, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 859, "year_label": "859 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": null, "text": "Viking raiders burn the mosques of Seville and Algeciras in al-Andalus (modern Spain).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1348997263#Iberian_Peninsula", "title": "859", "revid": 1348997263, "section": "Events › By place › Iberian Peninsula"}}, {"year": 914, "year_label": "914 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "In Al-Andalus a drought leads to a terrible famine in the Iberian Peninsula, which continues in 915. In his centralization effort, the Umayyad caliph Abd al-Rahman III, reconquers Seville from the Banu Hajjaj clan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355643516#Europe", "title": "914", "revid": 1355643516, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1023, "year_label": "1023 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Judge-Governor of Seville in Al-Andalus (modern Spain) takes advantage of the disintegration of the Caliphate of Córdoba and seizes power as Abbad I, founding the Abbadid dynasty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342213204#Europe", "title": "1023", "revid": 1342213204, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1027, "year_label": "1027 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad, Abbadid ruler of Seville (d. 1095)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342215196#Births", "title": "1027", "revid": 1342215196, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1090, "year_label": "1090 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "A third Almoravid expedition is launched in Al-Andalus, designed to finally subdue the Taifa's Kingdoms. The cities of Córdoba, Seville, Granada, Málaga, Almería and Ronda fall to the troops of Sultan Yusuf ibn Tashfin.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362154341#Europe", "title": "1090", "revid": 1362154341, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1091, "year_label": "1091 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July", "text": "July – The Abbadid dynasty ruling in Al-Andalus (modern Spain) falls when Almoravid forces storm Seville. Confronted with this threat, Emir Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr Muhammad al-Aftas of Badajoz obtains the support of King Alfonso VI (\"the Brave\") of Castile, in exchange for the Moorish positions on the river Tagus (Sintra, Santarém and Lisbon).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267069429#Europe", "title": "1091", "revid": 1267069429, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1224, "year_label": "1224 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February", "text": "February – King Ferdinand III (the Saint) announces his intention to resume the Reconquista against the realm of the Almohad Caliphate. Caliph Yusuf II al-Mustansir dies and is succeeded by Abu Muhammad al-Wahid, but in Al-Andalus, two competing pretenders also claim their rights to the throne: Abu Muhammad Ibn al-Mansur al-Adil in Seville and Abu Muhammad abu Abdallah al-Bayyasi in Córdoba. The chronic political instability on the Almohad site allows Ferdinand to begin his campaign victoriously in October, with the capture of Quesada in Spain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561506#January_–_March", "title": "1224", "revid": 1369561506, "section": "Events › January – March"}}, {"year": 1247, "year_label": "1247 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Siege of Seville: Castilian forces under King Ferdinand III (\"the Saint\") begin to besiege Seville, the city is isolated and Ramón de Bonifaz sails with 13 galleys up the Guadalquivir River to scatter some 40 smaller Almohad ships trying to oppose him (with many destroyed).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362480331#Europe", "title": "1247", "revid": 1362480331, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1248, "year_label": "1248 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 23", "text": "November 23 – Reconquista: Siege of Seville: Castilian forces under King Ferdinand III of Castile (\"the Saint\") recapture the city of Seville from the Almohads, after a 16-month siege. Prince Alfonso X of Castile takes the city of Alicante.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1305121866#Europe", "title": "1248", "revid": 1305121866, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1273, "year_label": "1273 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Autumn – Sultan Muhammad II of Granada sends an embassy to the court of Alfonso X in Seville, where it is received with honour. Alfonso agrees to Granada's demands, to end his support for the Banu Ashqilula, in exchange for the promise that Muhammad becomes Alfonso's vassal. Muhammad pays him 450,000 maravedis each year in tribute and grants the Banu rebels a truce for two years.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364847849#Europe", "title": "1273", "revid": 1364847849, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1277, "year_label": "1277 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August", "text": "August – Marinid forces led by Sultan Abu Yusuf cross the Strait of Gibraltar and marches north, ravaging the districts of Jerez de la Frontera, Seville and Córdoba.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362646784#Europe", "title": "1277", "revid": 1362646784, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1282, "year_label": "1282 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June", "text": "June – The 24-year-old Prince Sancho, heir to the throne of Castile, assembles a coalition of nobles and starts a massive rebellion against his father, King Alfonso X. He dispatches his brothers into the realm to claim strategically important cities and castles. Only the cities of Seville, Murcia and Badajoz remain loyal to Alfonso, who becomes isolated politically and abandoned by most of his family.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359685493#Europe", "title": "1282", "revid": 1359685493, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1284, "year_label": "1284 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 4", "text": "April 4 – King Alfonso X of Castile (\"the Wise\") falls ill and dies after a 32-year reign at Seville. He is succeeded by his 25-year-old son Sancho IV (\"the Brave\") who becomes ruler of Castile and León. Meanwhile, his nephew, Alfonso de la Cerda, challenges his right to the Castilian throne. Pope Martin IV excommunicates Sancho, places an interdict on his kingdom and refuses to acknowledge the marriage to his cousin, Queen María de Molina.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370723758#Europe", "title": "1284", "revid": 1370723758, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1285, "year_label": "1285 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April", "text": "April – Marinid forces under Sultan Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Abd al-Haqq cross the straits from Alcácer Seguir to Tarifa. From there they advance to Jerez de la Frontera, where they besiege the city. Marinids detachments are dispatched to devastate a broad area from Medina-Sidonia to Carmona, Vejer de la Frontera, Écija and Seville, cutting down trees, orchards, and vineyards, destroying villages, and killing or capturing many inhabitants.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359686470#Europe", "title": "1285", "revid": 1359686470, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1291, "year_label": "1291 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Late September – Abu Yaqub Yusuf an-Nasr crosses the Strait of Gibraltar from Alcácer Seguir to Tarifa. During the next three months, Marinid forces besiege Vejer de la Frontera, and carry out daily raids around Ferez. In the meantime, other Marinid raiding parties devastate the countryside as far north as Alcalá del Río, near Seville.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363454369#Europe", "title": "1291", "revid": 1363454369, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1391, "year_label": "1391 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 6", "text": "June 6 – Massacre of 1391: Anti-Jewish pogroms erupt in Seville, Spain. Many thousands of Jews are massacred, and the violence spreads throughout Spain and Portugal, especially to Toledo, Barcelona and Mallorca. This event marks a turning-point in the history of the Spanish Jews, with most of the survivors leaving the Iberian Peninsula or being forced to convert.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365430899#April–June", "title": "1391", "revid": 1365430899, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1481, "year_label": "1481 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "February 6", "text": "February 6 – The first execution during the Spanish Inquisition is carried out in Seville in an auto-da-fé as six people convicted of heresy are burned alive. As a result of this and other murders, thousands of conversos— mostly Jewish people who had converted to Christianity— flee their homes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365936509#January–March", "title": "1481", "revid": 1365936509, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1503, "year_label": "1503 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "From this year until 1660, sixteen million kilograms of silver and 185,000 kilograms of gold will enter the port of Seville.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366510845#Date_unknown", "title": "1503", "revid": 1366510845, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1503, "year_label": "1503 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "January 20", "text": "January 20 – Seville in Castile is awarded exclusive rights to trade with the New World.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366510845#January–March", "title": "1503", "revid": 1366510845, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1519, "year_label": "1519 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "August 10", "text": "August 10 – The Magellan expedition departs from Seville in Spain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365433723#July–September", "title": "1519", "revid": 1365433723, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1585, "year_label": "1585 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "History of chocolate in Spain: First recorded commercial importation of chocolate to Europe, from Veracruz in Mexico to Seville in Spain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365931198#Date_unknown", "title": "1585", "revid": 1365931198, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1810, "year_label": "1810 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 13", "text": "February 13 – After seizing Jaén, Córdoba, Seville and Granada, Napoleonic troops enter Málaga under the command of General Horace Sebastiani.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357106545#January–March", "title": "1810", "revid": 1357106545, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1823, "year_label": "1823 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 23", "text": "May 23 – The rebel Spanish government withdraws from Madrid to Seville following the French advance.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361959841#April–June", "title": "1823", "revid": 1361959841, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1972, "year_label": "1972 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "July 21", "text": "July 21 – A collision between two trains near Seville, Spain, kills 76 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371514417#July", "title": "1972", "revid": 1371514417, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1986, "year_label": "1986 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 16", "text": "May 16 – The Seville Statement on Violence is adopted by an international meeting of scientists, convened by the Spanish National Commission for UNESCO, in Seville, Spain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373510075#May", "title": "1986", "revid": 1373510075, "section": "Events › May"}}]}