{"slug": "shapur-i", "label": "Shapur I", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shapur_I", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191455", "qid": "Q191455", "description": "second Sassanid emperor (r. 241–272)", "entries": 17, "years": 15, "span": [240, 274], "span_label": ["240 CE", "274 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 10}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 4}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "syria", "label": "Syria", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "sasanian-empire", "label": "Sasanian Empire", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "antioch", "label": "Antioch", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "euphrates", "label": "Euphrates", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "sassanid-empire", "label": "Sassanid Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "china", "label": "China", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "india", "label": "India", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "greater-khorasan", "label": "Greater Khorasan", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "zoroastrianism", "label": "Zoroastrianism", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mesopotamia", "label": "Mesopotamia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "bubonic-plague", "label": "Bubonic plague", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "edessa-mesopotamia", "label": "Edessa, Mesopotamia", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 240, "year_label": "240 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "April 12", "text": "April 12 – Prince Shapur I becomes co-ruler of the Sasanian Empire with his father King Ardashir I.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371189859#Persia", "title": "240", "revid": 1371189859, "section": "Events › By place › Persia"}}, {"year": 242, "year_label": "242 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Gordian III begins a campaign against King Shapur I, and leads victories at Antioch, Carrhae, Nisibis, and Resaina.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371192139#Roman_Empire", "title": "242", "revid": 1371192139, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 243, "year_label": "243 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Resaena: A Roman army under Timesitheus defeats the Sassanids at Resaena (modern Syria); King Shapur I is forced to flee to the Euphrates.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371188641#Roman_Empire", "title": "243", "revid": 1371188641, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 244, "year_label": "244 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Around February 11 – Battle of Misiche: King Shapur I and his Iranian army defeats the Roman army.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371227716#Roman_Empire", "title": "244", "revid": 1371227716, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 251, "year_label": "251 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Sassanid King Shapur I orders an invasion of Syria, with the intent of finally capturing the city of Antioch during the campaign of 251–254.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371188077#Persia", "title": "251", "revid": 1371188077, "section": "Events › By place › Persia"}}, {"year": 252, "year_label": "252 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Barbalissos: King Shapur I defeats the Roman army (some 70,000 men) at Barbalissos in Syria (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372042709#Roman_Empire", "title": "252", "revid": 1372042709, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 253, "year_label": "253 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Barbalissos: King Shapur I, defeats a Roman field army at Barbalissos in Syria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371188254#Roman_Empire", "title": "253", "revid": 1371188254, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 256, "year_label": "256 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Shapur I of the Sasanian Empire invades Mesopotamia and Syria. He conquers and plunders Antioch, destroys Dura-Europos, and sacks the Anatolian city of Zeugma on the Euphrates. A devastating fire and an earthquake soon follow, causing Zeugma to be abandoned.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371188385#Roman_Empire", "title": "256", "revid": 1371188385, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 257, "year_label": "257 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Valerian recovers Antioch, Syria from King Shapur I of Persia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371187339#Roman_Empire", "title": "257", "revid": 1371187339, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 259, "year_label": "259 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Valerian leads an army (70,000 men) to relieve Edessa, besieged by the forces of Persian King Shapur I. An outbreak of a plague kills many legionaries, weakening the Roman position in Syria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331138913#Roman_Empire", "title": "259", "revid": 1331138913, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 260, "year_label": "260 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Shapur I captures Valerian.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371187251#Roman_Empire", "title": "260", "revid": 1371187251, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 260, "year_label": "260 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Persian king Shapur I destroys Caesarea Mazaca in Asia Minor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371187251#Persia", "title": "260", "revid": 1371187251, "section": "Events › By place › Persia"}}, {"year": 270, "year_label": "270 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Shapur I (the Great), ruler of the Sassanid Empire", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358050431#Deaths", "title": "270", "revid": 1358050431, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 271, "year_label": "271 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "King Shapur I builds the Academy of Gundishapur (Iran), which becomes the intellectual center of the Sassanid Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347633744#Art_and_Science", "title": "271", "revid": 1347633744, "section": "Events › By topic › Art and Science"}}, {"year": 271, "year_label": "271 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Shapur I of the Sasanian Empire dies, and his successor, his son Hormizd I, leads an army against nomads in Sogdiana, perhaps taking command of a war that had begun under his father. (Note: Some scholars date Shapur's death to 270 or 272)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347633744#Near_East", "title": "271", "revid": 1347633744, "section": "Events › By place › Near East"}}, {"year": 272, "year_label": "272 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Shapur I (the Great), king of the Sassanid Empire", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371192173#Deaths", "title": "272", "revid": 1371192173, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 274, "year_label": "274 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March 2", "text": "March 2 – Mani, a sage of Persia, dies at Gundeshapur after 30 years of preaching his \"heresy\" at the court of the late Sassanian King Shapur I and on long journeys to Khorasan, India and China. He is executed or allowed to die in prison, and claims to be a prophet of God. Mani combines Zoroastrian dualism with Christian theology, and his disciples gain wide support for Manichaeism, despite opposition from Roman Emperors.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1271086341#Religion", "title": "274", "revid": 1271086341, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}]}