{"slug": "siege", "label": "Siege", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188055", "qid": "Q188055", "description": "military blockade of a city or fortress", "entries": 19, "years": 19, "span": [-210, 928], "span_label": ["211 BCE", "928 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 14}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "rome", "label": "Rome", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "danube", "label": "Danube", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "black-sea", "label": "Black Sea", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "capua", "label": "Capua", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "asia-minor", "label": "Asia Minor", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "looting", "label": "Looting", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "lycia", "label": "Lycia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "goths", "label": "Goths", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "otranto", "label": "Otranto", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "totila", "label": "Totila", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "francia", "label": "Francia", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -210, "year_label": "211 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Romans besiege the town of Capua (which is allied with Hannibal). The town eventually falls to the Romans and its citizens are punished by them. The town's nobility are put to the sword, its territory is confiscated and its municipal organisation is dissolved.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325637763#Roman_Republic", "title": "211 BC", "revid": 1325637763, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -41, "year_label": "42 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Marcus Brutus begins to plunder the cities of Asia Minor, in order to obtain money and soldiers. The inhabitants of Lycia refuse to submit to Rome, and Brutus besieges Xanthus. After destroying their suburbs, the Xanthians withdraw into the heavily fortified city. The Roman legionaries (2,000 men) force the gate and fight their way into the forum. The citizens make a last stand by the temple of Sarpedon and, as night falls, the Roman army conquers the city.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352172627#Roman_Republic", "title": "42 BC", "revid": 1352172627, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -39, "year_label": "40 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Siege of Perusia: trying a last attempt to break the siege, which fails; Lucius Antonius surrenders to Octavian. His life is spared, but the citizens are executed or sold into slavery. Fulvia flees with her children and is exiled to Sicyon, where she dies of a sudden illness.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267076849#Roman_Republic", "title": "40 BC", "revid": 1267076849, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": 456, "year_label": "456 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "September 17", "text": "September 17 – Remistus, Roman general (magister militum), is besieged with a Gothic force at Ravenna and later executed in the Palace in Classis, outside the city.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364752999#Roman_Empire", "title": "456", "revid": 1364752999, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 459, "year_label": "459 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": null, "text": "King Vortigern is burnt to death, while being besieged by a Romano-British force under Ambrosius Aurelianus at Ganarew (Herefordshire).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267077454#Britannia", "title": "459", "revid": 1267077454, "section": "Events › By place › Britannia"}}, {"year": 477, "year_label": "477 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Aelle, first king of the South Saxons, lands on the Sussex coast of England with his three sons near Cymenshore, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. The Britons engage him upon landing, but his superior force besieges them at Pevensey and drives them into the wood called Andredes leage. Over the next nine years, Saxon coastal holdings are gradually expanded.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364739274#Europe", "title": "477", "revid": 1364739274, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 542, "year_label": "542 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Siege of Naples: Totila besieges the city of Naples in Campania. A Byzantine relief force from Sicily is intercepted and almost destroyed by Gothic warships.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340799594#Europe", "title": "542", "revid": 1340799594, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 544, "year_label": "544 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Belisarius defeats the Gothic army under King Totila, who unsuccessfully besieges the city of Otranto (southern Italy). After their retreat, the Byzantines march towards the city of Rome.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1317382475#The_Mediterranean_World,_Europe,_and_the_Middle_East", "title": "544", "revid": 1317382475, "section": "Events › By place › The Mediterranean World, Europe, and the Middle East"}}, {"year": 597, "year_label": "597 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Autumn – Balkan Campaign: The Avars, strengthened by the tribute of the Franks, resume their campaign along the Danube River, and besiege the Byzantine fortress city of Tomis (modern Romania) on the Black Sea coast.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364755884#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "597", "revid": 1364755884, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 620, "year_label": "620 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Slavs invade the area around Thessaloniki, which is unsuccessfully besieged. The city becomes a Byzantine enclave surrounded by Slavic territory. Urban life disappears and many towns in the Balkan Peninsula become villages.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364749611#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "620", "revid": 1364749611, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 634, "year_label": "634 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Bosra: Muslim forces under Khalid besiege the Byzantine and Christian Arab garrison (12,000 men) at Bosra. After a few days the fortress city surrenders; Khalid imposes a payment of tribute on the inhabitants.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1299946990#Arabia", "title": "634", "revid": 1299946990, "section": "Events › By place › Arabia"}}, {"year": 638, "year_label": "638 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Oswald and his Northumbrian army besiege and conquer Edinburgh (Scotland). His half-brother, Oswiu of Bernicia, marries Princess Rhiainfelt, heiress of North Rheged (\"Old North\"). Northumbria embraces North Rheged in a peaceful takeover, and Oswiu becomes a sub-king (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369557443#Britain", "title": "638", "revid": 1369557443, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 680, "year_label": "680 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Byzantine–Bulgarian War: The Bulgars under Asparukh subjugate the country of current-day Bulgaria, north of the Balkan Mountains. Emperor Constantine IV leads a combined land and sea operation against the invaders and besieges their fortified camp in Dobruja.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331672551#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "680", "revid": 1331672551, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 688, "year_label": "688 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Alahis, duke of Brescia, starts a civil war in Northern Italy. He besieges Cunipert on an island in Lake Como (Lombardy), who breaks out with Piedmontese troops.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340806290#Europe", "title": "688", "revid": 1340806290, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 717, "year_label": "717 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 15", "text": "August 15 – Siege of Constantinople: Maslama begins a combined land and sea effort to capture Constantinople. The capital controls the Bosporus, access between the Mediterranean and Black Sea, and is defended by a garrison of roughly 25,000 men. Leo III orders the granaries be restocked and siege engines installed. The Arab besiegers are suffering immense losses due to disease, and from attrition of siege warfare.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340808622#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "717", "revid": 1340808622, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 864, "year_label": "864 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Louis the German invades Moravia, crossing the Danube River to besiege the civitas Dowina (identified, although not unanimously, with Devín Castle in Slovakia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365939843#Europe", "title": "864", "revid": 1365939843, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 869, "year_label": "869 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Emperor Basil I allies with the Frankish emperor Louis II against the Saracens. He sends a Byzantine fleet of 400 ships (according to the Annales Bertiniani), under the command of Admiral Niketas Ooryphas, to support Louis (who is besieging the city port of Bari) and to clear the south of the Adriatic Sea of Muslim raiders.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369351830#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "869", "revid": 1369351830, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 880, "year_label": "880 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Lambert I, duke of Spoleto, dies while besieging the city of Capua. He is succeeded by his son Guy II.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372561483#Europe", "title": "880", "revid": 1372561483, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 928, "year_label": "928 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Winter – King Henry I (the Fowler) subdues the Polabian Slavs who live on the eastern borders. He then marches against the Slavic Hevelli tribes and seizes their capital, Brandenburg. Henry invades the Glomacze lands in the middle Elbe valley, where he besieges and destroys the main castle called Gana (the later Albrechtsburg) at Meissen (Saxony).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364916804#Europe", "title": "928", "revid": 1364916804, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}]}