{"slug": "singidunum", "label": "Singidunum", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singidunum", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1309687", "qid": "Q1309687", "description": "human settlement", "entries": 7, "years": 7, "span": [-278, 599], "span_label": ["279 BCE", "599 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 4}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 3}], "related": [{"slug": "belgrade", "label": "Belgrade", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "pannonian-avars", "label": "Pannonian Avars", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "danube", "label": "Danube", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "balkans", "label": "Balkans", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "serbia", "label": "Serbia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "maurice-s-balkan-campaigns", "label": "Maurice's Balkan campaigns", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "looting", "label": "Looting", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "maurice-emperor", "label": "Maurice (emperor)", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "bulgaria", "label": "Bulgaria", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "byzantine-greeks", "label": "Byzantine Greeks", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "moesia", "label": "Moesia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -278, "year_label": "279 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Scordisci Celts found a city called Singidon (Roman Singidunum) which is today the Serbian city of Belgrade.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1226777989#The_Balkans", "title": "279 BC", "revid": 1226777989, "section": "Events › By place › The Balkans"}}, {"year": 448, "year_label": "448 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Attila demands in the treaty the evacuation of the territory running from Singidunum (Belgrade, in Serbia) 300 mi km east along the Danube to Novae (Svishtov, in Bulgaria). This depopulated buffer zone deprives the Romans of their natural defensive advantages.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330678266#Byzantium", "title": "448", "revid": 1330678266, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantium"}}, {"year": 583, "year_label": "583 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Maurice decides to end the annual tribute to the Avars, a mounted people who have swept across Russia and threatened the Balkan Peninsula. They capture the cities of Singidunum (modern Belgrade) and Viminacium (Moesia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372793107#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "583", "revid": 1372793107, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 591, "year_label": "591 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Maurice begins a series of military expeditions, to defend the Balkan provinces from the Avars and Slavs. He establishes the Danube frontier (Limes Moesiae) from the Delta to the fortress city of Singidunum (Belgrade), and permits the Byzantines to reassert their authority in the interior.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364751608#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "591", "revid": 1364751608, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 592, "year_label": "592 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Maurice regains the Byzantine stronghold Singidunum (modern Belgrade) from the Avars. By counter-invading their homelands on the Balkans, Byzantine troops increase their pay by pillaging in hostile territory.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364754934#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "592", "revid": 1364754934, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 595, "year_label": "595 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Balkan Campaign: A Byzantine relief force under Priscus marches up the Danube River along the southern bank to Novae (modern Bulgaria). The fortress city of Singidunum (Belgrade) is plundered by the Avars, and abandoned after the approach of the Byzantines. The Avars retreat and launch a raid against Dalmatia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367658603#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "595", "revid": 1367658603, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 599, "year_label": "599 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Balkan Campaign: The Byzantine generals Priscus and Comentiolus join their forces at Singidunum (modern Belgrade), and move downstream to the fortress city of Viminacium (Serbia). The Byzantines cross the Danube River and invade Upper Moesia, where they defeat the Avars in open battle.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364752063#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "599", "revid": 1364752063, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}]}