{"slug": "sirmium", "label": "Sirmium", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirmium", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q833060", "qid": "Q833060", "description": "Roman and Byzantine city in Serbia", "entries": 21, "years": 19, "span": [170, 1167], "span_label": ["170 CE", "1167 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 10}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 4}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 3}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "pannonia", "label": "Pannonia", "shared": 11}, {"slug": "balkans", "label": "Balkans", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "caesar-title", "label": "Caesar (title)", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "licinius", "label": "Licinius", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "danube", "label": "Danube", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "serbia", "label": "Serbia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "constantine-the-great", "label": "Constantine the Great", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "belgrade", "label": "Belgrade", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "sava", "label": "Sava", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "athens", "label": "Athens", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pannonian-avars", "label": "Pannonian Avars", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 170, "year_label": "170 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Marcus Aurelius writes in Sirmium (Pannonia) his first of 12 books of the Meditations in Koine Greek.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371303023#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 170", "revid": 1371303023, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 236, "year_label": "236 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Maximinus campaigns against Dacians and Sarmatians from his supply depot at Sirmium.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367882763#Roman_Empire", "title": "236", "revid": 1367882763, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 257, "year_label": "257 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Valerian, under guardianship of Ingenuus, is established at Sirmium (Pannonia) to represent the Roman government in the troubled Illyrian provinces.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371187339#Roman_Empire", "title": "257", "revid": 1371187339, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 269, "year_label": "269 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Claudius II travels to Sirmium and prepares a war against the Vandals, who raid Pannonia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371227782#Roman_Empire", "title": "269", "revid": 1371227782, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 282, "year_label": "282 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Probus travels towards Sirmium (Serbia). He tries to employ his troops in peaceful projects, such as draining the swamps in Pannonia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326553791#Roman_Empire", "title": "282", "revid": 1326553791, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 282, "year_label": "282 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "The praetorian prefect Marcus Aurelius Carus usurps power in Raetia. Probus attempts to organise a campaign against Carus but is murdered by his discontented troops in Sirmium.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326553791#Roman_Empire", "title": "282", "revid": 1326553791, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 316, "year_label": "316 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Constantine I sends his half-brother Julius Constantius to Licinius at Sirmium (Pannonia), with the proposal to accept Bassianus as Caesar and give him power over Italy. Licinius refuses, and forces a conspiracy against Constantine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364758307#Roman_Empire", "title": "316", "revid": 1364758307, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 316, "year_label": "316 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 8", "text": "October 8 – Battle of Cibalae: Constantine the Great defeats his rival Licinius near the town of Colonia Aurelia Cibalae (modern-day Vinkovci, Croatia). Licinius is forced to flee to Sirmium and loses all of the Balkans except for Thrace. Peace negotiations are initiated between the two Augusti, but they are unsuccessful.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364758307#Roman_Empire", "title": "316", "revid": 1364758307, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 317, "year_label": "317 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 1", "text": "March 1 – Emperor Constantine the Great and co-emperor Licinius elevate their sons Crispus, Constantine II and Licinius II to Caesars. After this arrangement Constantine rules the dioceses Pannonia and Macedonia, and establishes his residence at Sirmium, from where he prepares a campaign against the Goths and Sarmatians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330159511#Roman_Empire", "title": "317", "revid": 1330159511, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 351, "year_label": "351 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "March 15", "text": "March 15 – Emperor Constantius II elevates his 25-year-old cousin Constantius Gallus to Caesar at Sirmium (Pannonia). He arranges a marriage with his sister Constantina, and puts him in charge of the Eastern portion of the Roman Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1314902602#Roman_Empire", "title": "351", "revid": 1314902602, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 357, "year_label": "357 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Late in the year Pope Liberius travels to Sirmium (Pannonia) and agrees to sign documents that effectively undo the Nicene Creed (which implicitly disavows Arianism) and to sever his relationship with the former Alexandrian patriarch Athanasius, who is replaced as patriarch of Alexandria by his Arian opponent George of Cappadocia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331328193#Religion", "title": "357", "revid": 1331328193, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 371, "year_label": "371 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The fortified cities of the Danube, with Sirmium (Pannonia) at the forefront, contribute to stop an invasion of the Quadi.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1283531136#Roman_Empire", "title": "371", "revid": 1283531136, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 378, "year_label": "378 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Gratian sets out from Lauriacum (Austria) with a body of light armed troops. His force is small enough to travel by boat down the Danube. He halts for four days at Sirmium (Serbia) suffering from fever.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1309998773#Roman_Empire", "title": "378", "revid": 1309998773, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 379, "year_label": "379 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 19", "text": "January 19 – Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium, giving him the title Augustus with power over all the eastern provinces. Theodosius comes to terms with the Visigoths and settles them in the Balkans as military allies (foederati).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367645183#Roman_Empire", "title": "379", "revid": 1367645183, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 424, "year_label": "424 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 22", "text": "April 22 – Flavius Anthemius Isidorus becomes the new Praetorian prefect of Illyricum, comprising most of Greece and Serbia, taking office at the capital, Sirmium (now Sremska Mitrovica in Serbia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367765710#Roman_Empire", "title": "424", "revid": 1367765710, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 566, "year_label": "566 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "A Byzantine army, under command of Baduarius, assists the Gepids in their war against the Lombards. The Byzantines win the first battle in the lower Danube (Moesia), but Gepid King Cunimund refuses to hand back the fortress city of Sirmium (modern Serbia), as he had promised.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364749385#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "566", "revid": 1364749385, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 580, "year_label": "580 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Siege of Sirmium: The Avars march to the right bank of the River Sava, and besiege the Byzantine stronghold of Sirmium (Pannonia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364747518#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "580", "revid": 1364747518, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 582, "year_label": "582 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Siege of Sirmium: The Avars, under their ruler (khagan) Bayan I, aided by Slavic auxiliary troops, capture the city of Sirmium after almost a 3-year siege. Bayan establishes a new base of operations within the Byzantine Empire, from which he plunders the Balkan Peninsula, including Athens.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364751218#Europe", "title": "582", "revid": 1364751218, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 827, "year_label": "827 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Omurtag, ruler (khan) of the Bulgarian Empire, launches an attack to the West, and penetrates into Pannonia. He expels the local chiefs, and installs Bulgar governors over the Slavic tribes to control them. Omurtag conquers the cities of Beograd, Braničevo, Sirmium, and most of eastern Slavonia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941309#Europe", "title": "827", "revid": 1340941309, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1071, "year_label": "1071 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Kingdom of Hungary launches a campaign against the Byzantine Empire. They besiege and capture the border fortress of Belgrade, along with Sirmium and Taurunum.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332932306#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1071", "revid": 1332932306, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1167, "year_label": "1167 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 8", "text": "July 8 – Battle of Sirmium: Byzantine forces (15,000 men) under General Andronikos Kontostephanos defeat the Hungarians at Sirmium. Emperor Manuel I (Komnenos) consolidates his control over the western Balkans.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361983030#Europe", "title": "1167", "revid": 1361983030, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}]}