{"slug": "skanderbeg", "label": "Skanderbeg", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skanderbeg", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160614", "qid": "Q160614", "description": "Albanian noble and military commander (1405–1468)", "entries": 21, "years": 14, "span": [1405, 1467], "span_label": ["1405 CE", "1467 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 16}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "ottoman-empire", "label": "Ottoman Empire", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "rome", "label": "Rome", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "albania", "label": "Albania", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-naples", "label": "Kingdom of Naples", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ottoman-turks", "label": "Ottoman Turks", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "republic-of-venice", "label": "Republic of Venice", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "serbia", "label": "Serbia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "john-hunyadi", "label": "John Hunyadi", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "alfonso-v-of-aragon", "label": "Alfonso V of Aragon", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ferdinand-i-of-naples", "label": "Ferdinand I of Naples", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "capetian-house-of-anjou", "label": "Capetian House of Anjou", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "apulia", "label": "Apulia", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1405, "year_label": "1405 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "May 6", "text": "May 6 – George Kastrioti, better known as Skanderbeg, Albanian national hero (d. 1468) (probable date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1337543539#Births", "title": "1405", "revid": 1337543539, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1443, "year_label": "1443 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 8", "text": "November 8 – Battle of Niš: John Hunyadi and the army of the Crusade of Varna defeat three armies of the Ottoman Empire, and capture the city of Niš in modern-day Serbia; Skanderbeg deserts the Ottoman camp and goes to Albania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349474708#October–December", "title": "1443", "revid": 1349474708, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1445, "year_label": "1445 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 10", "text": "October 10 – At the Battle of Mokra, Albanian forces under the command of the rebel Skanderbeg, with 3,500 soldiers, defeat the more than 9,000 Ottoman troops led by Firuz Pasha. Firuz is killed in battle along with 1,500 of his men. Pope Eugene IV raises a hymn of praise, that Christendom has been provided with a new defender, after he hears of the battle).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370372937#October–December", "title": "1445", "revid": 1370372937, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1446, "year_label": "1446 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 27", "text": "September 27 – Battle of Otonetë: Skanderbeg defeats the Ottomans.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360566332#July–September", "title": "1446", "revid": 1360566332, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1448, "year_label": "1448 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 14", "text": "August 14 – At the Battle of Oranik, Albanian forces led by Skanderbeg defeat the armies of the Republic of Venice and the Ottoman Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367832753#July–September", "title": "1448", "revid": 1367832753, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1448, "year_label": "1448 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 27", "text": "June 27 – Venice sends Andrea Venier to negotiate with the Ottoman Empire in an attempt to have the Ottomans invade Albania. Afterwards, Venier is sent to meet with Skanderbeg to ask him to cease hostilities.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367832753#April–June", "title": "1448", "revid": 1367832753, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1448, "year_label": "1448 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 4", "text": "March 4 – The Republic of Venice offers a reward to anyone who is successful in assassinating the Albanian rebel leader Skanderbeg, with a pension of 100 gold ducats per month as a reward.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367832753#January–March", "title": "1448", "revid": 1367832753, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1451, "year_label": "1451 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 26", "text": "March 26 – The Treaty of Gaeta is signed at the Italian city of Gaeta between the Kingdom of Albania", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358547324#January–March", "title": "1451", "revid": 1358547324, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1456, "year_label": "1456 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 5", "text": "April 5 – Skanderbeg, leader of the Albanians in their fight against the Ottomans, pardons Moisi Galemi, a former officer who had defected to the Ottomans and was then defeated by Skanderbeg at the Battle of Oranik.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371442849#April–June", "title": "1456", "revid": 1371442849, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1456, "year_label": "1456 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 18", "text": "May 18 – Second Battle of Oronichea (1456): Ottoman Forces of 15,000 are sent to capture Albania, but are met and swiftly defeated by Skanderbeg's smaller forces.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371442849#April–June", "title": "1456", "revid": 1371442849, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1457, "year_label": "1457 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 2", "text": "September 2 – At the Battle of Albulena, the Albanian general Skanderbeg's defeats Ottoman Empire army, in the open field.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359845780#July–September", "title": "1457", "revid": 1359845780, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1461, "year_label": "1461 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 17", "text": "April 17 – Skanderbeg, ruler of Albania, reaches a three-year peace agreement with the Ottoman Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365256665#April–June", "title": "1461", "revid": 1365256665, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1461, "year_label": "1461 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 24", "text": "August 24 – The Angevins, led by Giovanni Antonio Orsini del Balzo, lift their siege of Barletta in the Kingdom of Naples when Ivan Strez Balšić arrives with cavalry and infantry to rescue King Ferrante. Orsini's erroneous belief that Skanderbeg has accompanied the Neapolitan Army is enough to cause him to order a withdrawal.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365256665#July–September", "title": "1461", "revid": 1365256665, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1461, "year_label": "1461 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 28", "text": "December 28 – General Skanderbeg of Albania recaptures the fortress of Trani for the Kingdom of Naples after finding the rebel leader Fuscia de Foxa and 16 other rebels outside the walls of the city.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365256665#October–December", "title": "1461", "revid": 1365256665, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1461, "year_label": "1461 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 28", "text": "May 28 – In Italy, King Ferdinand of Naples is forced to abandon the city of Venosa, the Albanian general Skanderbeg leads his cavalry in an attack on Venosa after an attack by the former king, Rene of Anjou and by General Jacopo Piccinino. Fleeing to Apulia, Ferdinand learns that the Albanian General Skanderbeg will soon arrive to fight the House of Anjou.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365256665#April–June", "title": "1461", "revid": 1365256665, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1462, "year_label": "1462 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 7", "text": "July 7 – In his campaign against the Ottomans in western Macedonia, at the Second Battle of Mokra, Skanderbeg surprises Ottoman troops near Mokra, orders his men to scare the enemy with drums and battlehorns, and then leads a successful attack, killing many of the Ottoman soldiers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359849875#July–September", "title": "1462", "revid": 1359849875, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1463, "year_label": "1463 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 27", "text": "November 27 – Skanderbeg declares war on the Ottoman Empire and attacks its troops near Ohrid.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359850172#October–December", "title": "1463", "revid": 1359850172, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1464, "year_label": "1464 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 18", "text": "June 18 – Pope Pius II himself shoulders the cross of the Crusades, and departs for Ancona to participate in person. He names Skanderbeg general captain of the Holy See, under the title Athleta Christi. This plan forces Skanderbeg to break his ten-year peace treaty with the Ottomans signed in 1463, by attacking their forces near Ohrid.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367795127#April–June", "title": "1464", "revid": 1367795127, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1464, "year_label": "1464 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 15", "text": "September 15 – At the Battle of Ohrid in what is now North Macedonia, ends with the Albanian leader Skanderbeg and a supplementary force from the Venetian Republic, luring an estimated 10,000 Ottoman Empire soldiers out of the walled city of Ohrid, then captures the group as prisoners and seizes the city.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367795127#July–September", "title": "1464", "revid": 1367795127, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1466, "year_label": "1466 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 12", "text": "December 12 – The Albanian General Skanderbeg arrives in Rome to offer his aid to the Christian League in the defense of Italy against the Ottoman Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340205441#October–December", "title": "1466", "revid": 1340205441, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1467, "year_label": "1467 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 7", "text": "January 7 – At Rome, Pope Paul II holds a secret papal consistory, with the Albanian general Skanderbeg, to ask the cardinals assembled to provide Skanderbeg with 5,000 ducats (equivalent to 17.5 kg lb of gold based on the worth of a ducat of 3.5g of gold). While the cardinals respond that 5,000 ducats is insufficient, the Pope explains that the additional money will have to wait until the war in Italy is concluded.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352890331#January–March", "title": "1467", "revid": 1352890331, "section": "Events › January–March"}}]}