{"slug": "slovakia", "label": "Slovakia", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovakia", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214", "qid": "Q214", "description": "country in Central Europe", "entries": 39, "years": 38, "span": [21, 2022], "span_label": ["21 CE", "2022 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 11}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 9}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 7}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 4}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 2}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "bratislava", "label": "Bratislava", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "hungary", "label": "Hungary", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "great-moravia", "label": "Great Moravia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "danube", "label": "Danube", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "moravia", "label": "Moravia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "bulgaria", "label": "Bulgaria", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "romania", "label": "Romania", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "estonia", "label": "Estonia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "lithuania", "label": "Lithuania", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "latvia", "label": "Latvia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "slovenia", "label": "Slovenia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "slavs", "label": "Slavs", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": 21, "year_label": "21 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Romans create a buffer state in the territory of the Quadi, in southern Slovakia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369984933#Roman_Empire", "title": "20s", "revid": 1369984933, "section": "Events › 21 AD › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 40, "year_label": "40 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Germanic Quadi tribe begins settling in present-day Moravia and Slovakia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373289291#AD_40", "title": "40s", "revid": 1373289291, "section": "Timeline › AD 40"}}, {"year": 179, "year_label": "179 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Roman legionaries of Legio II Adiutrix engrave on the rock of the Trenčín Castle (Slovakia) the name of the town Laugaritio, marking the northernmost point of Roman presence in that part of Europe.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371305494#Roman_empire", "title": "AD 179", "revid": 1371305494, "section": "Events › By place › Roman empire"}}, {"year": 623, "year_label": "623 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Samo, reputedly a Frankish merchant, is elected king of the Slavs in Moravia, Slovakia and Lower Austria. A string of victories over the Avars proves his utilitas (usefulness) to his subjects, and he secures the throne to establish his own kingdom, which stretches from the upper Elbe to the Danube.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364763007#Europe", "title": "623", "revid": 1364763007, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 833, "year_label": "833 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Mojmir I, Moravian duke, expels Prince Pribina from his homeland (western part of modern Slovakia). He unifies Great Moravia and becomes the first known ruler of the Moravian Slavs, who founds the House of Mojmir (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941699#Europe", "title": "833", "revid": 1340941699, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 864, "year_label": "864 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Louis the German invades Moravia, crossing the Danube River to besiege the civitas Dowina (identified, although not unanimously, with Devín Castle in Slovakia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365939843#Europe", "title": "864", "revid": 1365939843, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 880, "year_label": "880 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The first known Christian bishopric in Slovakia is established in the city of Nitra, with Wiching as bishop.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372561483#Religion", "title": "880", "revid": 1372561483, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 894, "year_label": "894 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Svatopluk I, ruler (knyaz) of Great Moravia, dies after a 34-year reign, in which he has united the Slavic tribes in his kingdom. He is succeeded by his eldest son Mojmir II. The Principality of Nitra (modern-day Slovakia) is given as an appanage to his brother Svatopluk II.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341130298#Europe", "title": "894", "revid": 1341130298, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 907, "year_label": "907 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 4", "text": "July 4–6 – Battle of Pressburg: At \"Brezalauspurc\" (probably modern-day Bratislava in Slovakia), the advancing East Frankish army (60,000 men) is annihilated by the Hungarians led by Grand Prince Árpád. Duke Luitpold and Archbishop Dietmar I are killed, together with 19 dukes, 2 bishops and 3 abbots. The East Frankish Kingdom loses control of the March of Pannonia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341130849#Europe", "title": "907", "revid": 1341130849, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1001, "year_label": "1001 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Bolesław I the Brave begins ruling parts of Slovakia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341910152#Europe", "title": "1001", "revid": 1341910152, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1003, "year_label": "1003 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "German–Polish War: Bolesław I annexes Bohemia and parts of Moravia (modern Slovakia). German nobles under Henry of Schweinfurt revolt against Henry II (who has been promised the Duchy of Bavaria).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369535158#Europe", "title": "1003", "revid": 1369535158, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1255, "year_label": "1255 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "The town of Banská Bystrica (located in central Slovakia) is granted municipal privileges by King Béla IV of Hungary.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1315790496#City_and_Towns", "title": "1255", "revid": 1315790496, "section": "Events › By topic › City and Towns"}}, {"year": 1268, "year_label": "1268 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The town of Guta is founded (currently Kolárovo, Slovakia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1318265867#Culture", "title": "1268", "revid": 1318265867, "section": "Events › By topic › Culture"}}, {"year": 1285, "year_label": "1285 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Winter – The Mongol Golden Horde led by Nogai Khan and Talabuga attacks Hungary for the second time. They successfully subdue Slovakia and sack territory north of the Carpathian Mountains.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359686470#Europe", "title": "1285", "revid": 1359686470, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1291, "year_label": "1291 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "King Andrew III of Hungary (\"the Venetian\") gives royal town privileges to Bratislava, modern-day capital of Slovakia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363454369#Europe", "title": "1291", "revid": 1363454369, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1309, "year_label": "1309 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "The village of Lukáčovce in Slovakia first appears in the historical records.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359759809#Cities_and_Towns", "title": "1309", "revid": 1359759809, "section": "Events › By place › Cities and Towns"}}, {"year": 1369, "year_label": "1369 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 7", "text": "May 7 – Košice, in Slovakia, becomes the first town in Europe to be granted its own coat of arms as King Louis of Hungary grants the right in a charter in recognition of the city's assistance in the Battle of Rozhanovice.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371621472#April–June", "title": "1369", "revid": 1371621472, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1430, "year_label": "1430 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 28", "text": "April 28 – The Hussites defeat Hungarian and Serbian troops in the Battle of Nagyszombat in an invasion of the Kingdom of Hungary near Nagyszombat (now Trnava in Slovakia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561329#April–June", "title": "1430", "revid": 1369561329, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1467, "year_label": "1467 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "King Matthias Corvinus founds the first university in Slovakia, the Universitas Istropolitana in Bratislava.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352890331#Date_unknown", "title": "1467", "revid": 1352890331, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1526, "year_label": "1526 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "December 17", "text": "December 17 – At Pozsony in western Hungary (now Bratislava in Slovakia), the Diet elects the Archduke Ferdinand as the King of Hungary.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369353275#October–December", "title": "1526", "revid": 1369353275, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1527, "year_label": "1527 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "February 24", "text": "February 24 – Ferdinand of the House of Habsburg is formally crowned as King of Bohemia at Pressburg (now Bratislava in Slovakia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366980186#January–March", "title": "1527", "revid": 1366980186, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1527, "year_label": "1527 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "November 23", "text": "November 23 – The Érdy Codex, the largest collection of Hungarian legends and Hungarian language literature, is completed on Saint Clement's Day by an unidentified Carthusian monk at the seminary of Nagyszombat in Hungary", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366980186#October–December", "title": "1527", "revid": 1366980186, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1529, "year_label": "1529 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "March 25", "text": "March 25 – A blood libel is carried out against the Jewish community of Bosen in Hungary (now Pezinok in Slovakia), on the first day of Passover, after a boy in the town disappears. Three Jews are accused and killed. The boy is later discovered alive, having been kidnapped for the benefit of the scheme.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362793946#January–March", "title": "1529", "revid": 1362793946, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1551, "year_label": "1551 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "In Slovakia, Guta (modern-day Kolárovo) receives town status.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352783865#Date_unknown", "title": "1551", "revid": 1352783865, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1556, "year_label": "1556 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 24", "text": "April 24 – Pál Márkházy surrenders the Hungarian fortress at Ajnácskő (now Hajnáčka in Slovakia) to the Ottoman Empire. Márkházy, accused of treachery, is stripped of his estates and title by the King of Hungary, and forced to flee to the Principality of Transylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1320371006#April–June", "title": "1556", "revid": 1320371006, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1627, "year_label": "1627 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Rock blasting is invented: Black gunpowder is first used in mining, in a mineshaft under Banská Štiavnica, Slovakia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371072250#Date_unknown", "title": "1627", "revid": 1371072250, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1663, "year_label": "1663 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 13", "text": "September 13 – After a siege of more than a month, the Hungarian fortress at Érsekújvár (now Nové Zámky in Slovakia) surrenders to the Ottoman Empire. In accordance with the treaty of surrender negotiated by the Hungarian commander, Count Ádám Forgách, the European residents are allowed free passage to Austria, and the Ottoman Grand Vizier, Fazil Ahmed Pasha provides a document certifying that the fort's defenders fought bravely.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365988068#July–September", "title": "1663", "revid": 1365988068, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1703, "year_label": "1703 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 15", "text": "November 15 – Rákóczi's War of Independence: Battle of Zvolen (in modern-day Slovakia) – The Kurucs defeat the Austrians and their allies (Denmark, Hungary and the Serbs).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369923832#October–December", "title": "1703", "revid": 1369923832, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1763, "year_label": "1763 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "June 28", "text": "June 28 – A magnitude 6.2 earthquake shakes Hungary and Slovakia, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). Damage is limited, but 83 are killed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360202149#April–June", "title": "1763", "revid": 1360202149, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1907, "year_label": "1907 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 27", "text": "October 27 – Černová massacre: Fifteen people are shot during the consecration of a Catholic church in Hungary (modern-day Slovakia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373349351#October", "title": "1907", "revid": 1373349351, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1918, "year_label": "1918 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "October 30", "text": "October 30 – The Martin Declaration is published, including Slovakia in the formation of the Czecho-Slovak state.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373520023#October", "title": "1918", "revid": 1373520023, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1938, "year_label": "1938 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 2", "text": "November 2 – Arising from The Munich Agreement, Hungary is \"awarded\" the Felvidek region of South Slovakia and Ruthenia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368818751#November", "title": "1938", "revid": 1368818751, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1988, "year_label": "1988 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "March 25", "text": "March 25 – The Candle demonstration in Bratislava, Slovakia, is the first mass demonstration of the 1980s against the socialist government in Czechoslovakia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373532411#March", "title": "1988", "revid": 1373532411, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1993, "year_label": "1993 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – Czechoslovakia ceases to exist, as the Czech Republic and Slovakia separate in the Dissolution of Czechoslovakia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366430372#January", "title": "1993", "revid": 1366430372, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1994, "year_label": "1994 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 1", "text": "October 1 – In Slovakia, populist leader Vladimír Mečiar wins the general election.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369917016#October", "title": "1994", "revid": 1369917016, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 2004, "year_label": "2004 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 29", "text": "March 29 – Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia are admitted to NATO, the largest expansion of the organization.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373088592#March", "title": "2004", "revid": 1373088592, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 2007, "year_label": "2007 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 21", "text": "December 21 – The Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia join the Schengen border-free zone.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370930640#December", "title": "2007", "revid": 1370930640, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 2009, "year_label": "2009 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – Slovakia adopts the euro as its national currency, replacing the Slovak koruna.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367728140#January", "title": "2009", "revid": 1367728140, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 2022, "year_label": "2022 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 24", "text": "March 24 – 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine: NATO announces that four new battlegroups totaling 40,000 troops will be deployed in Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania and Slovakia, along with enhanced readiness for potential chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear threats.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371998228#March", "title": "2022", "revid": 1371998228, "section": "Events › March"}}]}