{"slug": "smyrna", "label": "Smyrna", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smyrna", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379299", "qid": "Q1379299", "description": "ancient Greek city, located in present day İzmir, Turkey", "entries": 15, "years": 15, "span": [-599, 1838], "span_label": ["600 BCE", "1838 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 5}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 3}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 2}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "timur", "label": "Timur", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "constantinople", "label": "Constantinople", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ionia", "label": "Ionia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pechenegs", "label": "Pechenegs", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "thrace-theme", "label": "Thrace (theme)", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ottoman-empire", "label": "Ottoman Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "august", "label": "August", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "may", "label": "May", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "june", "label": "June", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "november", "label": "November", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ephesus", "label": "Ephesus", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "christmas", "label": "Christmas", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -599, "year_label": "600 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Smyrna is sacked and destroyed by Alyattes I. (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372139014#Middle_East", "title": "600 BC", "revid": 1372139014, "section": "Events › By place › Middle East"}}, {"year": 106, "year_label": "106 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Ignatius writes a letter to Christians in Smyrna, using the term Catholic Church (approximate date). This is the earliest surviving witness to the use of the term \"Catholic Church\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359392828#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 106", "revid": 1359392828, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 154, "year_label": "154 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "Anicetus meets with Polycarp of Smyrna to discuss the Computus, the date of Easter in the Christian liturgical calendar.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367880243#Religion", "title": "AD 154", "revid": 1367880243, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 155, "year_label": "155 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Polycarp, bishop of Smyrna (b. AD 65)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371187078#Deaths", "title": "AD 155", "revid": 1371187078, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 171, "year_label": "171 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May", "text": "May – June – Aelius Aristides, Greek orator, delivers a public speech in Smyrna, lamenting the damage recently inflicted to the sacred site of Eleusis.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371303100#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 171", "revid": 1371303100, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 1081, "year_label": "1081 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Seljuk emir Tzachas (or Chaka Bey) conquers Smyrna (modern-day İzmir) and founds a short-lived independent state, which emerges as the first sea power in Turkish history.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1312347020#Seljuk_Empire", "title": "1081", "revid": 1312347020, "section": "Events › By place › Seljuk Empire"}}, {"year": 1091, "year_label": "1091 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Tzachas, a Seljuk Turkish military commander, establishes an independent maritime state centred in the Ionian coastal city of Smyrna (modern-day İzmir). He proclaims himself emperor (basileus), and concludes an alliance with the Pechenegs in Thrace. Tzachas uses his fleet to blockade Constantinople by sea, while the Pechenegs besiege the capital by land.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267069429#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1091", "revid": 1267069429, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1147, "year_label": "1147 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November", "text": "November – The combined forces of Louis VII and Conrad III meet at Lopardium and march along the coastal road via Pergamon and Smyrna to Ephesus, where they celebrate Christmas. Conrad, still suffering from his wounds, sails back to Constantinople to be placed under the care of Manuel's own physicians. Meanwhile, the Crusader camp is attacked by Turkish raiders near Ephesus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362163362#Second_Crusade", "title": "1147", "revid": 1362163362, "section": "Events › By place › Second Crusade"}}, {"year": 1344, "year_label": "1344 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "October 24", "text": "October 24 – Smyrniote Crusade: A Christian fleet succeeds in taking the port city of Smyrna from the Aydinid Turks.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1292555127#January–December", "title": "1344", "revid": 1292555127, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1345, "year_label": "1345 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 17", "text": "January 17 – The Turks attack Smyrna.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366119534#Events", "title": "1345", "revid": 1366119534, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1402, "year_label": "1402 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 2", "text": "December 2 – (6 Jumada al-Awwal 805 A.H.) With 4,000 troops, Tamerlane, Amir of the Timurid Empire covering much of what is now Iraq, Iran and Afghanistan begins the Siege of Smyrna (now Izmir in Turkey). Smyrna is captured after two days of attacks on its outer walls. After the Christian Knights of Saint John, who are ruling Smyrna, refuse to convert to Islam or pay tribute, Timur has the entire Christian population massacred. The Knights subsequently begin building Bodrum Castle in Bodrum, to defend against future attacks.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371594109#October–December", "title": "1402", "revid": 1371594109, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1648, "year_label": "1648 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Sabbatai Zevi declares himself the Messiah at Smyrna.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346163846#Date_unknown", "title": "1648", "revid": 1346163846, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1742, "year_label": "1742 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "June 20", "text": "June 20 – İzmir, formerly the ancient Greek city of Smyrna, is destroyed by fire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360184270#April_–June", "title": "1742", "revid": 1360184270, "section": "Events › April –June"}}, {"year": 1763, "year_label": "1763 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "August", "text": "August – Fire in Smyrna, Ottoman Empire, destroys 2,600 houses.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360202149#July–September", "title": "1763", "revid": 1360202149, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1838, "year_label": "1838 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "The 5th century BC bronze Chatsworth Head is acquired by the 6th Duke of Devonshire at Smyrna, from H. P. Borrell.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360381946#Date_unknown", "title": "1838", "revid": 1360381946, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}]}