{"slug": "south-africa", "label": "South Africa", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258", "qid": "Q258", "description": "country in southern Africa", "entries": 24, "years": 23, "span": [1075, 2025], "span_label": ["1075 CE", "2025 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 5}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 4}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 4}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 3}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 3}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 2}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "cape-town", "label": "Cape Town", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "islam", "label": "Islam", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "dutch-east-india-company", "label": "Dutch East India Company", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "cape-of-good-hope", "label": "Cape of Good Hope", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "mexico", "label": "Mexico", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "acapulco", "label": "Acapulco", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "israel", "label": "Israel", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "angola", "label": "Angola", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "portuguese-india", "label": "Portuguese India", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "afonso-de-albuquerque", "label": "Afonso de Albuquerque", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "antarctica", "label": "Antarctica", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "johannesburg", "label": "Johannesburg", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1075, "year_label": "1075 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Kingdom of Mapungubwe is established, in modern-day South Africa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365265849#Africa", "title": "1075", "revid": 1365265849, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 1509, "year_label": "1509 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 4", "text": "November 4 – Afonso de Albuquerque becomes the Viceroy of Portuguese India, replacing Francisco de Almeida, who departs five days later from Diu. Almeida never makes it home, getting killed along with his 64 men in a battle on March 1 with the local Khoekhoe people at South Africa's Cape of Good Hope.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369335853#October–December", "title": "1509", "revid": 1369335853, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1652, "year_label": "1652 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 6", "text": "April 6 – Dutch sailor Jan van Riebeeck establishes a resupply camp for the Dutch East India Company at the Cape of Good Hope in modern-day South Africa, thus founding Cape Town.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367149733#April–June", "title": "1652", "revid": 1367149733, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1694, "year_label": "1694 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 2", "text": "April 2 – Sheikh Yusuf, exiled by the administrators of the Dutch East Indies (modern-day Indonesia), arrives at the Dutch Cape Colony on the ship De Voetboog, at what later becomes Cape Town, South Africa, along with two wives, two concubines and twelve children. Resettled by the colonial government at a farm in Zandvliet, the Sheikh introduces Islam to South Africa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353084901#April–June", "title": "1694", "revid": 1353084901, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1704, "year_label": "1704 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "June 2", "text": "June 2 – Annular solar eclipse is visible from a region of the Southern Ocean between South Africa and Antarctica.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358992532#April–June", "title": "1704", "revid": 1358992532, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1722, "year_label": "1722 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "November 20", "text": "November 20 – The Dutch East India Company cargo ship Schoonenberg runs aground in South Africa's Struis Bay and is looted by most of its 110 crew, beginning a legend and questions of whether the wreck was part of a conspiracy or simply an accident. Almost 300 years later, the event is reconstructed in detail by investigators.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365128046#October–December", "title": "1722", "revid": 1365128046, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1784, "year_label": "1784 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "A huge locust swarm hits South Africa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370567291#Date_unknown", "title": "1784", "revid": 1370567291, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1873, "year_label": "1873 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "July 5", "text": "July 5 – New Rush in Griqualand West, South Africa, is renamed Kimberley.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370305657#July", "title": "1873", "revid": 1370305657, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1923, "year_label": "1923 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "March 1", "text": "March 1 – Eskom, the largest electricity producer in Africa, is established in South Africa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367772921#March–April", "title": "1923", "revid": 1367772921, "section": "Events › March–April"}}, {"year": 1926, "year_label": "1926 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "March 6", "text": "March 6 – The first commercial air route from the United Kingdom to South Africa is established by Alan Cobham.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373503199#March", "title": "1926", "revid": 1373503199, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1928, "year_label": "1928 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 9", "text": "June 9 – Ellis Park Stadium, a well-known sport venue of South Africa, officially opens in Johannesburg.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372527586#June", "title": "1928", "revid": 1372527586, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1955, "year_label": "1955 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 26", "text": "June 26 – The Freedom Charter of the anti-apartheid South African Congress Alliance is adopted, at a Congress of the People in Kliptown.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371173508#June", "title": "1955", "revid": 1371173508, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1978, "year_label": "1978 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 24", "text": "July 24 – In Acapulco, Mexico, Margaret Gardiner of South Africa is crowned Miss Universe.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022681#July", "title": "1978", "revid": 1370022681, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1979, "year_label": "1979 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 22", "text": "September 22 – Vela incident: The \"South Atlantic Flash\" is observed near the Prince Edward Islands in the Indian Ocean, thought to be a nuclear weapons test conducted by South Africa and Israel.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371786119#September", "title": "1979", "revid": 1371786119, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1983, "year_label": "1983 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 24", "text": "August 24 – South Africa announces \"all outstanding issues\" preventing independence for South West Africa (present-day Namibia) have been resolved, except for the continuing presence of 23,000 Cuban troops in neighboring Angola.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366392977#August", "title": "1983", "revid": 1366392977, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1986, "year_label": "1986 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "June 12", "text": "June 12 – South Africa declares a nationwide state of emergency.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373510075#June", "title": "1986", "revid": 1373510075, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1991, "year_label": "1991 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "April 15", "text": "April 15 – End of Apartheid: The European Economic Community lifts economic sanctions on South Africa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371487470#April", "title": "1991", "revid": 1371487470, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1991, "year_label": "1991 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 29", "text": "January 29 – In South Africa, Nelson Mandela of the African National Congress and Mangosuthu Buthelezi of the Inkatha Freedom Party agree to end violence between the two organizations.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371487470#January", "title": "1991", "revid": 1371487470, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1998, "year_label": "1998 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "March", "text": "Bill Clinton makes the first visit to South Africa by a U.S. president.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373236679#March", "title": "1998", "revid": 1373236679, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 2010, "year_label": "2010 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 11", "text": "June 11–July 11 – The 2010 FIFA World Cup was held in South Africa and was won by Spain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372829682#June", "title": "2010", "revid": 1372829682, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 2015, "year_label": "2015 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "September 10", "text": "September 10 – Scientists announce the discovery of Homo naledi, a previously unknown species of early human in South Africa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373300271#September", "title": "2015", "revid": 1373300271, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2022, "year_label": "2022 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 2", "text": "November 2–November 3 – Tigray War: The Ethiopian government and the TPLF agree to a formal cessation of hostilities, signing a peace agreement in Pretoria, South Africa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371998228#November", "title": "2022", "revid": 1371998228, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 2023, "year_label": "2023 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 29", "text": "December 29 – A genocide case against Israel is brought towards the International Court of Justice by South Africa for Israel's invasion and subsequent bombardment of the Gaza Strip, and its role in the subsequent humanitarian crisis.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372811827#December", "title": "2023", "revid": 1372811827, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 2025, "year_label": "2025 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 22", "text": "November 22–23 – The G20 Johannesburg summit is held in South Africa, the first time a G20 summit has been held in Africa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372865033#November", "title": "2025", "revid": 1372865033, "section": "Events › November"}}]}