{"slug": "south-america", "label": "South America", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_America", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18", "qid": "Q18", "description": "continent located mainly in the southwestern quadrant of the Earth", "entries": 18, "years": 18, "span": [-2499, 2020], "span_label": ["2500 BCE", "2020 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 6}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 5}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 2}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 1}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "colombia", "label": "Colombia", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "spain", "label": "Spain", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "venezuela", "label": "Venezuela", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "viceroyalty-of-peru", "label": "Viceroyalty of Peru", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "bogota", "label": "Bogotá", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "peru", "label": "Peru", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "brazil", "label": "Brazil", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ecuador", "label": "Ecuador", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "spanish-empire", "label": "Spanish Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "haiti", "label": "Haiti", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mexico", "label": "Mexico", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "central-america", "label": "Central America", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -2499, "year_label": "2500 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "c. 2500 BC: Evidence of long-distance trade routes in South America.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371895857#Events", "title": "25th century BC", "revid": 1371895857, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -499, "year_label": "500 BCE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "The world population reaches 100,000,000—85,000,000 in the Eastern Hemisphere and 15,000,000 in the Western Hemisphere, primarily Mesoamerica and northern South America (Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363151372#Demographics", "title": "500 BC", "revid": 1363151372, "section": "Events › By topic › Demographics"}}, {"year": 1485, "year_label": "1485 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March 16", "text": "March 16 – A solar eclipse crosses northern South America and Central Europe. (March 8 O.S.) Although King Richard III's wife, the Queen Consort, dies on March 16, 1485 as well, the Julian calendar date is eight days sooner than the Gregorian calendar date of March 24.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364736343#January–March", "title": "1485", "revid": 1364736343, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1526, "year_label": "1526 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Spanish conquistadors led by Francisco Pizarro and his brothers first reach Inca territory in South America.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369353275#Date_unknown", "title": "1526", "revid": 1369353275, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1544, "year_label": "1544 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Rats make their first appearance in South America, arriving in Peru with the species black rat.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359947848#Date_unknown", "title": "1544", "revid": 1359947848, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1569, "year_label": "1569 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 26", "text": "November 26 — Francisco Álvarez de Toledo becomes the new Spanish Viceroy of Peru, succeeding Lope García de Castro as the governor-general of all Spanish territory in South America.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366794933#October–December", "title": "1569", "revid": 1366794933, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1584, "year_label": "1584 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "August 7", "text": "August 7 – In Lima in the Viceroyalty of Peru, Italian printer Antonio Ricardo receives official permission to set up the first printing press in South America, and prints the first publication there, Pragmatica, a four-page outline of how the new Gregorian calendar (adopted 1582) works.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561067#July–September", "title": "1584", "revid": 1369561067, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1615, "year_label": "1615 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 18", "text": "December 18 – Francisco de Borja y Aragón becomes the new Viceroy of Peru, a colony of Spain encompassing all of Spanish language-speaking South America and what are now the nations of Peru, Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Paraguay, and Uruguay.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365922608#October–December", "title": "1615", "revid": 1365922608, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1717, "year_label": "1717 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 27", "text": "May 27 – Spain creates the Viceroyalty of New Granada in South America from the northern section of the Viceroyalty of Peru. The viceroyalty, with a capital at Bogotá, later declares independence and splits up into what become the nations of Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366802832#April–June", "title": "1717", "revid": 1366802832, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1808, "year_label": "1808 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "October 12", "text": "October 12 – Banco do Brasil, a major financial group in South America, founded in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369185588#October–December", "title": "1808", "revid": 1369185588, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1810, "year_label": "1810 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 20", "text": "July 20 – First Republic of New Granada: Patria Boba: A junta of seven patriots, led by José Acevedo y Gómez, assemble in Bogotá in the Viceroyalty of New Granada (modern-day Colombia), to declare its independence from the Spanish Empire, the first South American nation to break away from Spain as the third oldest independent republic state after Haiti.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357106545#July–September", "title": "1810", "revid": 1357106545, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1832, "year_label": "1832 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "February 28", "text": "February 28 – Charles Darwin and the crew of arrive at South America for the first time.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370617764#January–March", "title": "1832", "revid": 1370617764, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1871, "year_label": "1871 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "August 7", "text": "August 7 – Banco de Concepcion, predecessor of Itaú Unibanco, a major financial services provider in South America, is founded in Chile.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368649173#July–September", "title": "1871", "revid": 1368649173, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1899, "year_label": "1899 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "February 27", "text": "February 27 – Japanese immigration to South America, primarily Peru, begins as the ship Sakura Maru departs from Yokohama with 790 men employed by the Morioka-shokai Sugar Company. The group arrives in Callao on April 3.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371393177#February", "title": "1899", "revid": 1371393177, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1950, "year_label": "1950 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "September 18", "text": "September 18 – Rede Tupi, the first television broadcast network in South America, is founded in Brazil.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371638577#September", "title": "1950", "revid": 1371638577, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2008, "year_label": "2008 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 21", "text": "May 21 – The Union of South American Nations, an intergovernmental organization between states in South America, is founded.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372634791#May", "title": "2008", "revid": 1372634791, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 2019, "year_label": "2019 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "July 2", "text": "July 2 – A total solar eclipse occurs over South America. It is the 58th solar eclipse from Saros cycle 127.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373255188#July", "title": "2019", "revid": 1373255188, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 2020, "year_label": "2020 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "September 4", "text": "September 4 – The La Línea highway tunnel, the longest road tunnel in South America at a length of 8.65 kilometres (5.37 mi), is opened in Colombia after 14 years of construction and several delays.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371633312#September", "title": "2020", "revid": 1371633312, "section": "Events › September"}}]}