{"slug": "south-caucasus", "label": "South Caucasus", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Caucasus", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200173", "qid": "Q200173", "description": "geographical region in the vicinity of the southern Caucasus region of Europe", "entries": 8, "years": 7, "span": [458, 1921], "span_label": ["458 CE", "1921 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 5}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Transcaucasia"], "related": [{"slug": "armenia", "label": "Armenia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "georgia-country", "label": "Georgia (country)", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "azerbaijan-soviet-socialist-republic", "label": "Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "syria", "label": "Syria", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mesopotamia", "label": "Mesopotamia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "arab-muslims", "label": "Arab Muslims", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "khazars", "label": "Khazars", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "maslama-ibn-abd-al-malik", "label": "Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "turkey", "label": "Turkey", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "umayyad-caliphate", "label": "Umayyad Caliphate", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "principality-of-iberia", "label": "Principality of Iberia", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 458, "year_label": "458 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The city of Tbilisi (Georgia) on the Kura River is founded by King Vakhtang I of Iberia. Its location gives it control of the trade routes between western and eastern Transcaucasia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364748114#Exploration_and_Colonization", "title": "458", "revid": 1364748114, "section": "Events › By topic › Exploration and Colonization"}}, {"year": 526, "year_label": "526 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Roman–Persian Wars: King Kavad I, assisted by his Arabian vassal, Al-Mundhir III, begins a campaign in the Transcaucasus region and Upper Mesopotamia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364754141#Persia", "title": "526", "revid": 1364754141, "section": "Events › By place › Persia"}}, {"year": 699, "year_label": "699 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Umayyad troops invade Armenia, and secure the submission of Prince Smbat VI Bagratuni. The South Caucasus becomes a viceroyalty called al-Arminiya, and is divided into four regions: Caucasian Albania, Caucasian Iberia, the area around the Aras River, and Taron (modern Turkey).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340806595#Umayyad_Caliphate", "title": "699", "revid": 1340806595, "section": "Events › By place › Umayyad Caliphate"}}, {"year": 727, "year_label": "727 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Arab–Khazar War: The Khazars drive back the Muslim invasion, led by Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik, into Mesopotamia. Reinforced with Syrian troops, Maslama counterattacks and takes Georgia, establishing the northern frontier on the Caucasus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372352645#Asia", "title": "AD 727", "revid": 1372352645, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 775, "year_label": "775 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 25", "text": "April 25 – Battle of Bagrevand: The Abbasids put an end to an Armenian rebellion. Muslim control over Transcaucasia is solidified, while several major Armenian nakharar families, notably the Mamikonian, lose power and flee to the Byzantine Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848014#Arab_Caliphate", "title": "775", "revid": 1340848014, "section": "Events › By place › Arab Caliphate"}}, {"year": 1895, "year_label": "1895 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 10", "text": "July 10–11 – The Doukhobors' pacifist protests culminate in the \"burning of the arms\" in the South Caucasus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364324653#July", "title": "1895", "revid": 1364324653, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1921, "year_label": "1921 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 10", "text": "June 10 – Paris declaration: Representatives of the three states of Transcaucasia and the North Caucasus (the Armenian, Azerbaijani and Georgian Socialist Soviet Republics) proclaim their independence, establishing a customs union and military alliance, not internationally recognized.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371086035#June", "title": "1921", "revid": 1371086035, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1921, "year_label": "1921 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 13", "text": "October 13 – The Treaty of Kars is signed between the Government of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey and the Armenian, Azerbaijani and Georgian Socialist Soviet Republics in Transcaucasia, establishing common boundaries.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371086035#October", "title": "1921", "revid": 1371086035, "section": "Events › October"}}]}