{"slug": "space-shuttle-columbia", "label": "Space Shuttle Columbia", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54383", "qid": "Q54383", "description": "American Space Shuttle orbiter", "entries": 7, "years": 6, "span": [1979, 1996], "span_label": ["1979 CE", "1996 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 5}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "space-shuttle", "label": "Space Shuttle", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "nasa", "label": "NASA", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "space-shuttle-atlantis", "label": "Space Shuttle Atlantis", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "space-shuttle-discovery", "label": "Space Shuttle Discovery", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1979, "year_label": "1979 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "March 25", "text": "March 25 – The first fully functional Space Shuttle orbiter, Columbia, is delivered to the Kennedy Space Center, to be prepared for its first launch.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371786119#March", "title": "1979", "revid": 1371786119, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1981, "year_label": "1981 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "March 19", "text": "March 19 – Two or three workers are killed and four are injured during a ground test of Space Shuttle Columbia at Kennedy Space Center in the United States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369107326#March", "title": "1981", "revid": 1369107326, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1981, "year_label": "1981 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "April 12", "text": "April 12 – The Space Shuttle program: Space Shuttle Columbia, with NASA astronauts John Young and Robert Crippen, launches on the STS-1 mission, returning to Earth on April 14. It is the first time a crewed reusable spacecraft has returned from orbit.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369107326#April", "title": "1981", "revid": 1369107326, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1982, "year_label": "1982 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "March 30", "text": "March 30 – Space Shuttle Columbia ends an eight-day mission, STS-3, by landing at White Sands Space Harbor near Alamogordo, New Mexico. It is the only time a Space Shuttle has landed at White Sands. The orbiter was forced to land here due to flooding at its originally planned landing site, Edwards Air Force Base in California.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373279023#March", "title": "1982", "revid": 1373279023, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1989, "year_label": "1989 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "August 8", "text": "August 8 – STS-28: Space Shuttle Columbia takes off on a secret five-day military mission.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369557705#August", "title": "1989", "revid": 1369557705, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1991, "year_label": "1991 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "April 5", "text": "April 5 – Space Shuttle Atlantis leaves an observatory in Earth's orbit to study gamma rays before returning on April 11. It is followed by Space Shuttle Discovery, which studies instruments related to the Strategic Defense Initiative from April 29 to May 6. Space Shuttle Columbia carries the Spacelab into orbit on June 5.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371487470#April", "title": "1991", "revid": 1371487470, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1996, "year_label": "1996 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "November 19", "text": "November 19 – STS-80: Space Shuttle Columbia conducts the longest mission of the Space Shuttle program.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371596794#November", "title": "1996", "revid": 1371596794, "section": "Events › November"}}]}