{"slug": "spanish-netherlands", "label": "Spanish Netherlands", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Netherlands", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622783", "qid": "Q622783", "description": "parts of the Netherlands held by the Spanish crown (1581-1714)", "entries": 28, "years": 25, "span": [1539, 1714], "span_label": ["1539 CE", "1714 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 23}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 3}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}], "related": [{"slug": "belgium", "label": "Belgium", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "eighty-years-war", "label": "Eighty Years' War", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "france", "label": "France", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "dutch-republic", "label": "Dutch Republic", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "spain", "label": "Spain", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "flanders", "label": "Flanders", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "war-of-the-spanish-succession", "label": "War of the Spanish Succession", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-france", "label": "Kingdom of France", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "philip-ii-of-spain", "label": "Philip II of Spain", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "douai", "label": "Douai", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "alexander-farnese-duke-of-parma", "label": "Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "louis-xiv", "label": "Louis XIV", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1539, "year_label": "1539 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 17", "text": "August 17 – The revolt of Ghent begins in the Spanish Netherlands (now Belgium) as members of the city's guilds demand the right to choose their own leaders, and the resignation of the Spanish-sponsored city leaders. Within four days, the city is under the control of nine guild leaders.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366494992#July–September", "title": "1539", "revid": 1366494992, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1557, "year_label": "1557 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 6", "text": "January 6 – Italian War of 1551–1559: Gaspard II de Coligny, the French governor of Picardy (in northern France), launches surprise attacks on Douai and Lens in the Spanish Netherlands and captures both cities for France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365955110#January–March", "title": "1557", "revid": 1365955110, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1558, "year_label": "1558 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 13", "text": "July 13 – Battle of Gravelines: Near the border between the Kingdom of France and the Spanish Netherlands, Spanish forces led by Lamoral, Count of Egmont, and assisted by the English Navy, inflict a major defeat on the French forces of Marshal Paul de Thermes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368141988#July–September", "title": "1558", "revid": 1368141988, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1566, "year_label": "1566 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 31", "text": "July 31 – King Philip II of Spain sends a final letter to the administrators and Catholic bishops of the Spanish Netherlands, rejecting a request to abolish ordinances treating Protestants as heretics. The decision leads to an uprising against Spain by Calvinists and ultimately to the Eighty Years War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365562466#July–September", "title": "1566", "revid": 1365562466, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1568, "year_label": "1568 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 16", "text": "February 16 – Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba, governor of the Spanish Netherlands issues an edict condemning to death those who rebel against Spanish authority to combat religious unrest.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362476556#January–March", "title": "1568", "revid": 1362476556, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1572, "year_label": "1572 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 20", "text": "October 20 – Eighty Years' War – Relief of Goes: Soldiers of the Spanish Tercios wade across the estuary of the Scheldt, to relieve the siege of Goes in the Spanish Netherlands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370792520#October–December", "title": "1572", "revid": 1370792520, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1577, "year_label": "1577 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 12", "text": "February 12 – The \"Perpetual Edict\", providing for the removal of Spanish troops from what is now the Netherlands, is signed in the city of Marche-en-Famenne in the Spanish Netherlands (now Belgium) by the Spanish Governor-General, Don Juan de Austria and representatives of the Dutch rebellion. The Perpetual Edict will last only five months, before Don Juan begins new attacks on the rebels.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361323001#January–March", "title": "1577", "revid": 1361323001, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1579, "year_label": "1579 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 6", "text": "January 6 – The Union of Arras unites the southern Netherlands under the Duke of Parma, governor in the name of king Philip II of Spain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362792771#January–March", "title": "1579", "revid": 1362792771, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1583, "year_label": "1583 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 23", "text": "April 23 – After a siege of 75 days, Dutch Republic commander Hendrik van Bonnivet surrenders Eindhoven to the Spanish Netherlands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363312090#April–June", "title": "1583", "revid": 1363312090, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1584, "year_label": "1584 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 17", "text": "September 17 – In what is now Belgium, the Calvinist Republic of Ghent comes to an end after seven years when its capital, Ghent, falls following a siege of 13 months. Jan van Hembyze, leader of the republic since October 1583, surrenders the city to Alexander Farnese, Governor of the Spanish Netherlands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561067#July–September", "title": "1584", "revid": 1369561067, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1588, "year_label": "1588 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 8", "text": "August 8 (July 29 Old Style) – Battle of Gravelines: The Spanish Armada is defeated by the English naval force off the coast of Gravelines, in the Spanish Netherlands (modern France).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362479687#July–September", "title": "1588", "revid": 1362479687, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1595, "year_label": "1595 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 17", "text": "January 17 – During the French Wars of Religion, King Henry IV of France declares war on Spain, ordering Henry, Duke of Bouillon to lead armies through Luxembourg for an attack on the Spanish Netherlands (now Belgium).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1339059002#January–March", "title": "1595", "revid": 1339059002, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1605, "year_label": "1605 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Priory of St. Gregory's is founded at Douai, Flanders, at this time in the Spanish Netherlands, by its first prior, John Roberts, and other exiles, thus becoming the first English Benedictine house to renew conventual life after the English Reformation. More than two centuries later the community will establish Downside Abbey back in England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362477436#Date_unknown", "title": "1605", "revid": 1362477436, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1608, "year_label": "1608 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 7", "text": "February 7 – A peace conference opens at the Binnenhof at The Hague, in the Netherlands, to end a war between the Dutch Republic and the Spanish Netherlands (now Belgium).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352783723#January–March", "title": "1608", "revid": 1352783723, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1609, "year_label": "1609 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "English-born Sister Mary Ward founds the Sisters of Loreto at Saint-Omer, at this time in the Spanish Netherlands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365588617#Date_unknown", "title": "1609", "revid": 1365588617, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1629, "year_label": "1629 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 19", "text": "August 19 – Eighty Years' War: The Spanish garrison of Wesel is surprised by a small Dutch army, and the city is taken by the Dutch Republic. As Wesel functioned as the principal supply base of Hendrik van den Bergh's army, the loss of supply forces him to retreat to the Spanish Netherlands, leaving him unable to intervene in the ongoing siege of 's-Hertogenbosch.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365103352#July–September", "title": "1629", "revid": 1365103352, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1637, "year_label": "1637 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 25", "text": "August 25 – Eighty Years' War: A force of 17,000 Spanish troops, led by the Spanish Netherlands Governor-General, Don Fernando de Austria, recaptures the city of Venlo from the Dutch Republic after a five-day siege.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1339166592#July–September", "title": "1637", "revid": 1339166592, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1646, "year_label": "1646 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 10", "text": "October 10 – France takes Dunkirk from the Spanish Netherlands for the first time.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360055090#October–December", "title": "1646", "revid": 1360055090, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1667, "year_label": "1667 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 10", "text": "August 10 – The Siege of Lille, at this time part of the Spanish Netherlands (modern-day Belgium) begins and becomes the only major engagement of the \"War of Devolution\" between France and Spain. The Spanish Army surrenders after 16 days.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365989201#July–September", "title": "1667", "revid": 1365989201, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1667, "year_label": "1667 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 24", "text": "May 24 – After King Philip IV of Spain reneges on payment of a large dowry to King Louis XIV of France, promised to Louis as a gift for Louis' marriage to Philip's daughter Princess Maria Theresa, the War of Devolution begins between France and Spain. The French Army invades the Spanish Netherlands (modern-day Belgium), entering Flanders and Franche-Comté. By the time the war ends on May 2, 1668, parts of the Spanish Netherlands are ceded to France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365989201#April–June", "title": "1667", "revid": 1365989201, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1677, "year_label": "1677 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 28", "text": "February 28 – During the Franco-Dutch War, the Siege of Valenciennes by the French Army begins in the Spanish Netherlands (modern-day Belgium). The city surrenders on March 17.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360727449#January–March", "title": "1677", "revid": 1360727449, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1677, "year_label": "1677 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 17", "text": "March 17 – Franco-Dutch War: Siege of Valenciennes (1676–77) in the Spanish Netherlands ends with surrender of the town to the French.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360727449#January–March", "title": "1677", "revid": 1360727449, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1678, "year_label": "1678 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 25", "text": "March 25 – The Spanish Netherlands city of Ypres falls after a seven-day siege by the French Army. It is later returned to the Netherlands and eventually becomes part of Belgium.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368552109#January–March", "title": "1678", "revid": 1368552109, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1684, "year_label": "1684 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 7", "text": "June 7 – After a siege of six weeks that began on April 27, Luxembourg City is taken by the French Army from control by Spain, and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, previously part of the Spanish Netherlands (now Belgium) is acquired by France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366005630#April–June", "title": "1684", "revid": 1366005630, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1695, "year_label": "1695 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 12", "text": "July 12 – The Siege of Namur begins in the Spanish Netherlands (now Belgium).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368691153#July–September", "title": "1695", "revid": 1368691153, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1695, "year_label": "1695 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 1", "text": "September 1 – Nine Years' War: France surrenders Namur, Spanish Netherlands to forces of the Grand Alliance, led by King William III of England, Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic, following the 2-month Siege of Namur.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368691153#July–September", "title": "1695", "revid": 1368691153, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1708, "year_label": "1708 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 11", "text": "July 11 – War of the Spanish Succession: Battle of Oudenarde – Allied forces under the command of John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, defeat the French in the Spanish Netherlands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360122845#July–December", "title": "1708", "revid": 1360122845, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1714, "year_label": "1714 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 7", "text": "March 7 – The Treaty of Rastatt is signed between Austria and France, concluding the War of the Spanish Succession between them. Austria receives the Spanish territories in Italy (the Kingdom of Naples, Duchy of Milan and Kingdom of Sardinia), as well as the Southern Netherlands; and from France, Freiburg and Landau. The Austrian Habsburg Empire reaches its largest territorial extent yet, with Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor succeeding Philip V of Spain, as ruler in the ceded territories.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366497107#January–March", "title": "1714", "revid": 1366497107, "section": "Events › January–March"}}]}