{"slug": "stephen-king-of-england", "label": "Stephen, King of England", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%2C_King_of_England", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60849", "qid": "Q60849", "description": "King of England from 1135 to 1154", "entries": 17, "years": 16, "span": [1123, 1155], "span_label": ["1123 CE", "1155 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 8}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 3}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "kingdom-of-england", "label": "Kingdom of England", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "empress-matilda", "label": "Empress Matilda", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "henry-i-of-england", "label": "Henry I of England", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "henry-ii-of-england", "label": "Henry II of England", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "duchy-of-normandy", "label": "Duchy of Normandy", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "county-of-boulogne", "label": "County of Boulogne", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "david-i-of-scotland", "label": "David I of Scotland", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "geoffrey-plantagenet-count-of-anjou", "label": "Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "diocese-of-canterbury", "label": "Diocese of Canterbury", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "holy-land", "label": "Holy Land", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "flanders", "label": "Flanders", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "newcastle-upon-tyne", "label": "Newcastle upon Tyne", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1123, "year_label": "1123 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Furness Abbey (or St Mary of Furness) is founded in England by Stephen, count of Boulogne, for the Order of Savigny.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366532227#Religion", "title": "1123", "revid": 1366532227, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1125, "year_label": "1125 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "King Henry I of England arranges a marriage between his nephew Stephen of Blois and the 20-year-old Matilda, daughter and heiress of Eustace III, count of Boulogne. This gives Stephen control of the County of Boulogne and also lands in England that have belonged to Eustace (who dies on his return from the Holy Land).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365270881#England", "title": "1125", "revid": 1365270881, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1130, "year_label": "1130 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Eustace IV of Boulogne, a Count of Boulogne and the son and heir of Stephen, King of England (approximate date; d. 1153)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368549867#Births", "title": "1130", "revid": 1368549867, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1135, "year_label": "1135 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 1", "text": "December 1 – King Henry I dies at Lyons-la-Forêt in Normandy after a 35-year reign. He is succeeded by his nephew Stephen of Blois (grandson of William the Conqueror), who asserts his claim to the throne in opposition to claims by Henry's daughter Matilda (prolonged in a civil war known as The Anarchy).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369184463#England", "title": "1135", "revid": 1369184463, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1136, "year_label": "1136 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – King David I of Scotland invades northern England and captures many of the major towns including Carlisle and Newcastle. In response, King Stephen raises an army (with Flemish mercenaries), and marches to Durham. David agrees to negotiate a peace between the two countries.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365584360#Britain", "title": "1136", "revid": 1365584360, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 1137, "year_label": "1137 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – King Stephen sails to Normandy to confront Geoffrey V (the Fair) and the Angevins, who are attacking the southern areas of Normandy. Although Stephen has some success, he is not able to recapture Normandy from Matilda, daughter and heiress of the late King Henry I.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362157430#Britain", "title": "1137", "revid": 1362157430, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 1138, "year_label": "1138 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May", "text": "May – Earl Robert FitzRoy rebels against King Stephen, supporting Matilda (his step-sister) in her claim for the English throne. Matilda is given refuge by Earl William de Albini at Arundel Castle. Stephen builds siege works around the castle, but is unable to break the castle's defences. In France, Matilda's husband Duke Geoffrey V (the Fair) takes advantage of the situation by re-invading Normandy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366421724#Britain", "title": "1138", "revid": 1366421724, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 1139, "year_label": "1139 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 9", "text": "April 9 – The Treaty of Durham is signed, between Stephen, King of England and David I of Scotland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362158770#Europe", "title": "1139", "revid": 1362158770, "section": "Events › By region › Europe"}}, {"year": 1140, "year_label": "1140 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Summer – King Stephen appoints Geoffrey de Mandeville as Earl of Essex for his support during the civil war against Matilda (Stephen's cousin).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367307539#England_and_Scotland", "title": "1140", "revid": 1367307539, "section": "Events › By place › England and Scotland"}}, {"year": 1141, "year_label": "1141 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 2", "text": "February 2 – The Anarchy in the Kingdom of England – Battle of Lincoln: Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester and Empress Matilda wrest control of the throne of England from King Stephen, who is captured and imprisoned.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357081133#Events", "title": "1141", "revid": 1357081133, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1141, "year_label": "1141 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 1", "text": "November 1 – The Anarchy in the Kingdom of England – Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester is exchanged by Empress Matilda for King Stephen, who reassumes the throne of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357081133#Events", "title": "1141", "revid": 1357081133, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1142, "year_label": "1142 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Autumn – The 9-year-old Henry of Anjou, a son of Empress Matilda, lands on the south coast of England with his uncle, Earl Robert of Gloucester and several knights. Henry travels to Bristol, centre of Angevin opposition to King Stephen, where he is educated by Master Matthew. Meanwhile, Robert captures Lulworth Castle, Rufus Castle (\"Bow and Arrow Castle\") on the Isle of Portland and Wareham Castle.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362174122#England", "title": "1142", "revid": 1362174122, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1143, "year_label": "1143 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 1", "text": "July 1 – Battle of Wilton: Earl Robert of Gloucester (illegitimate son of the late King Henry I) defeats the English forces of King Stephen during a surprise attack at Wilton Abbey. In the darkness, Stephen escapes, while his steward William Martel fights a rearguard action to delay the pursuers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1337864253#England", "title": "1143", "revid": 1337864253, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1149, "year_label": "1149 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – King Stephen besieges Worcester, but is unable to capture the castle due to its strong defences. He expels William de Beauchamp, lord of the city. Stephen builds two forts near the castle to assist in the attack.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369184526#Britain", "title": "1149", "revid": 1369184526, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 1152, "year_label": "1152 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 6", "text": "April 6 – King Stephen has his nobles swear fealty to his son Eustace, as the rightful heir of the English throne. Theobald, archbishop of Canterbury, and other bishops refuse to crown Eustace favouring Henry of Anjou to claim the throne instead. Stephen confiscates their property and Theobald is forced into exile in Flanders.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365584069#England", "title": "1152", "revid": 1365584069, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1153, "year_label": "1153 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – The 19-year-old Henry II of England lands with a Norman fleet (some 40 ships) on the south coast of England. He defeats King Stephen (a cousin of his mother, Queen Matilda) with a small army at Malmesbury. Henry travels north through the Midlands, while a temporary truce is accepted. Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester, announces his support for the cause. Hoping to dethrone Stephen and replace him with Matilda.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369184506#Britain", "title": "1153", "revid": 1369184506, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 1155, "year_label": "1155 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Spring – King Henry II has the Palace of Westminster (which is badly damaged by Stephen's supporters during The Anarchy) repaired. Thomas Becket, archbishop of Canterbury, is given the task of repairing the buildings.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359485841#England", "title": "1155", "revid": 1359485841, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}]}