{"slug": "subutai", "label": "Subutai", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subutai", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162217", "qid": "Q162217", "description": "primary military strategist and general under Genghis Khan and Ögedei Khan", "entries": 12, "years": 11, "span": [1201, 1258], "span_label": ["1201 CE", "1258 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 9}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "batu-khan", "label": "Batu Khan", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "genghis-khan", "label": "Genghis Khan", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "india", "label": "India", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "iran", "label": "Iran", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "caspian-sea", "label": "Caspian Sea", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "vietnam", "label": "Vietnam", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "hanoi", "label": "Hanoi", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "europe", "label": "Europe", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "turkic-peoples", "label": "Turkic peoples", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "moscow", "label": "Moscow", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kievan-rus", "label": "Kievan Rus'", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "afghanistan", "label": "Afghanistan", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1201, "year_label": "1201 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Uriyangkhadai, Mongol general and son of Subutai (d. 1272)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364405568#Births", "title": "1201", "revid": 1364405568, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1218, "year_label": "1218 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Genghis Khan dispatches a Mongolian army (some 20,000 cavalry) under Jebe, to deal with the Qara Khitai (or Western Liao) threat. Meanwhile, he sends Subutai with another army on a simultaneous campaign against the Merkits. Jebe defeats a force of 30,000 men led by Prince Kuchlug at the Khitan capital Balasagun. Kuchlug flees south to modern Afghanistan, but is captured by hunters – who hands him over to the Mongols. After Kuchlug is beheaded and paraded through the cities of his new domains, Genghis annexes the entire Khitai empire under Mongol rule.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347207200#Mongol_Empire", "title": "1218", "revid": 1347207200, "section": "Events › By place › Mongol Empire"}}, {"year": 1220, "year_label": "1220 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Muhammad II flees westwards across northern Iran, hoping to find safety in the rugged and isolated region of Mazandaran on the southern coast of the Caspian Sea. He is pursued by 20,000 Mongol forces led by Subutai and Jebe (the Arrow). Abandoned by the remnants of his panic-stricken troops, Muhammad seeks shelter on a small island near Astara. There he dies of pleurisy some weeks later. He is succeeded by his son Jalal al-Din Mangburni, who is forced to flee to India after the Mongol invasion (see 1219).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360552842#Mongol_Empire", "title": "1220", "revid": 1360552842, "section": "Events › By place › Mongol Empire"}}, {"year": 1223, "year_label": "1223 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – The Polovtsian army assembles on the Terek River lowlands and are joined by Alan, Circassian, and Don Kipchak/Cuman forces. The Mongol army crosses the Caucasus Mountains, but is trapped in the narrow mountain passes. The Mongol generals Subutai and Jebe (the Arrow) send an embassy to the Polovtsians and convince them to break their alliance with the Caucasian peoples. The Mongol cavalry invades the Caucasus region and devastates the local villages, seizing slaves, cattle and horses.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1336497375#Mongol_Empire", "title": "1223", "revid": 1336497375, "section": "Events › Other events, by place › Mongol Empire"}}, {"year": 1223, "year_label": "1223 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 16", "text": "June 16 – The Mongol General Subutai withdraws eastward after the victory at the Battle of the Kalka River, after General Jebe has died.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1336497375#April–June", "title": "1223", "revid": 1336497375, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1224, "year_label": "1224 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – The Mongol army led by Subutai and Jochi cross the steppes of modern Kazakhstan, and returns to the horde of Genghis Khan on the Irtysh River. At a great kurultai or gathering of chiefs, Subutai reports on the Western campaign. Jochi submits to Genghis and his supposed 'insubordination' (see 1220) is forgiven. As a result of the Mongol invasion in 1219–1223, Kazakhstan and Central Asia become part of the Mongol Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561506#Asia", "title": "1224", "revid": 1369561506, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1225, "year_label": "1225 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Autumn – Subutai is assigned a new campaign by Genghis Khan against the Tanguts. He crosses the Gobi Desert with a Mongol army and advances south into the Western Xia (or Xi Xia). Meanwhile, Genghis, in his mid-sixties, becomes wounded during hunting. His injury – a dislocated shoulder, perhaps, or a bruised rib – forces him to take some rest.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333322984#Mongol_Empire", "title": "1225", "revid": 1333322984, "section": "Events › By place › Mongol Empire"}}, {"year": 1233, "year_label": "1233 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 29", "text": "May 29 – Mongol–Jin War: The Mongol army led by Ögedei Khan captures Kaifeng, capital of the Jin dynasty ('Great Jin'), after the 13-month Siege of Kaifeng (1232). The Mongols plunder the city, while Emperor Aizong of Jin flees for the town of Caizhou. Meanwhile, Ögedei departs and leaves the final conquest to his favoured general, Subutai.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367489040#Mongol_Empire", "title": "1233", "revid": 1367489040, "section": "Events › By place › Mongol Empire"}}, {"year": 1237, "year_label": "1237 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Autumn – Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus': The Mongol army commanded by Batu Khan and Subutai, invades the Principality of Ryazan (with representatives of all four khanates leading some 100,000 Mongol, Turks and Persian forces into Europe). In December, Batu Khan sends envoys to the Rus' court of Grand Prince Yuri Igorevich and demands the submission of the capital Ryazan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300110077#Mongol_Empire", "title": "1237", "revid": 1300110077, "section": "Events › By place › Mongol Empire"}}, {"year": 1238, "year_label": "1238 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 15", "text": "January 15–20 – Siege of Moscow: The Mongols under Batu Khan and Subutai campaign across the northern heartland of the Kievan Rus', committing numerous atrocities across multiple settlements, including the sacking of an insignificant town known as Moscow. According to the Chronicle of Novgorod, Moscow is a fortified village, a trading post \"on a crossroads of four rivers\". The village is taken by the Mongols after 5 days of siege.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1337076438#Mongol_Empire", "title": "1238", "revid": 1337076438, "section": "Events › By place › Mongol Empire"}}, {"year": 1241, "year_label": "1241 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 11", "text": "April 11 – Battle of Mohi: Batu Khan and Subutai defeat Béla IV of Hungary. The battle is the last major event in the Mongol Invasion of Europe.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362486166#Events", "title": "1241", "revid": 1362486166, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1258, "year_label": "1258 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Mongol invasions of Vietnam: Mongol forces (some 30,000 men) under Uriyangkhadai, son of Subutai, invade Vietnam. After many battles, the Vietnam army is routed and defeated. The senior leaders are able to escape on prepared boats, while the remnants are destroyed on the banks of the Red River. The Mongols occupy the capital city, Thăng Long (modern-day Hanoi), and massacres the city's inhabitants, by the end of January.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1318120479#Asia", "title": "1258", "revid": 1318120479, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}]}