{"slug": "suleiman-the-magnificent", "label": "Suleiman the Magnificent", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suleiman_the_Magnificent", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8474", "qid": "Q8474", "description": "the tenth and greatest Sultan of Ottoman Empire (1520–1566)", "entries": 42, "years": 26, "span": [1520, 1566], "span_label": ["1520 CE", "1566 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 24}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 5}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 5}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 4}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 3}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "ottoman-empire", "label": "Ottoman Empire", "shared": 12}, {"slug": "hungary", "label": "Hungary", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "vienna", "label": "Vienna", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "ottoman-sultan", "label": "Ottoman Sultan", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "constantinople", "label": "Constantinople", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "holy-roman-empire", "label": "Holy Roman Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-france", "label": "Kingdom of France", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "francis-i-of-france", "label": "Francis I of France", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ferdinand-i-holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "safavid-iran", "label": "Safavid Iran", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "henry-ii-of-france", "label": "Henry II of France", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "jerusalem", "label": "Jerusalem", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": 1520, "year_label": "1520 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Aleksandra Lisowska (Roxelana) is given as a gift to Suleiman I on the occasion of his accession to the throne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367307705#Date_unknown", "title": "1520", "revid": 1367307705, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1520, "year_label": "1520 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 22", "text": "September 22 – Suleiman I succeeds his father Selim I as Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. He is officially crowned on September 30 and will rule until 1566.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367307705#July–September", "title": "1520", "revid": 1367307705, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1521, "year_label": "1521 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 29", "text": "August 29 – Belgrade is captured by the Ottoman army of Suleiman the Magnificent.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369246997#July–September", "title": "1521", "revid": 1369246997, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1521, "year_label": "1521 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 27", "text": "January 27 – Suleiman the Magnificent suppresses a revolt by the ruler of Damascus, Janbirdi al-Ghazali.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369246997#January–March", "title": "1521", "revid": 1369246997, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1521, "year_label": "1521 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 25", "text": "June 25 – Suleiman the Magnificent begins the siege of Belgrade.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369246997#April–June", "title": "1521", "revid": 1369246997, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1522, "year_label": "1522 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 20", "text": "December 20 – Suleiman the Magnificent accepts the surrender of the surviving Knights in Rhodes, who are allowed to evacuate. They eventually re-settle on Malta, and become known as the Knights of Malta.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372799978#October–December", "title": "1522", "revid": 1372799978, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1522, "year_label": "1522 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 28", "text": "July 28 – Ottoman Sultan Suleiman I begins his siege to expel the Knights of St. John in Rhodes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372799978#July–September", "title": "1522", "revid": 1372799978, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1523, "year_label": "1523 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 27", "text": "June 27 – Pargali Ibrahim Pasha is appointed as Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire by Suleiman the Magnificent. He will serve as the Ottoman administrator for almost 13 years until his sudden arrest and execution in 1536.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561167#April–June", "title": "1523", "revid": 1369561167, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1525, "year_label": "1525 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 24", "text": "February 24 – Battle of Pavia: German and Spanish forces under Charles de Lannoy and the Marquis of Pescara defeat the French army, and capture Francis I of France, after his horse is wounded by Cesare Hercolani. While Francis is imprisoned in Lombardy and then transferred to Madrid, the first attempts to form a Franco-Ottoman alliance with Suleiman the Magnificent against the Habsburg Empire are made.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368819017#January–March", "title": "1525", "revid": 1368819017, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1525, "year_label": "1525 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "September 24", "text": "September 24 – Jeremias I is restored to the position of Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, leader of the Eastern Orthodox Christian church, by order of the Ottoman Empire Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368819017#July–September", "title": "1525", "revid": 1368819017, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1526, "year_label": "1526 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 29", "text": "August 29 – Battle of Mohács: The Ottoman army of Sultan Suleiman I defeats the Hungarian army of King Louis II, who drowns while retreating with his troops. Two rival groups seek to elect a successor to Louis. Suleiman takes Buda, while Archduke Ferdinand of Austria and John Zápolya, Prince of Transylvania, dispute the succession. As a result of the battle, Ragusa achieves independence, although it acknowledges Ottoman overlordship.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369353275#July–September", "title": "1526", "revid": 1369353275, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1526, "year_label": "1526 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 6", "text": "February 6 – Suleiman the Magnificent, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, agrees to form a military alliance with France, after King François I sends a proposal by way of his envoy, Jean Frangipani.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369353275#January–March", "title": "1526", "revid": 1369353275, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1528, "year_label": "1528 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 29", "text": "February 29 – John Zápolya, ruler of the remaining eastern portion of Hungary after its the acquisition of the western section by the Habsburg Austrians, joins in an alliance with the Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent of the Ottoman Turks, receiving protection and autonomy in return for allowing Turkish occupation of his Eastern Hungarian Kingdom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369577446#January–March", "title": "1528", "revid": 1369577446, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1529, "year_label": "1529 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 10", "text": "May 10 – The Ottoman army under Suleiman I leaves Constantinople, to invade Hungary once again.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362793946#April–June", "title": "1529", "revid": 1362793946, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1529, "year_label": "1529 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 15", "text": "October 15 – With the season growing late, Suleiman abandons the Siege of Vienna (a turning point in the Ottoman wars in Europe).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362793946#October–December", "title": "1529", "revid": 1362793946, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1529, "year_label": "1529 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 27", "text": "September 27 – Vienna is besieged by the Ottoman Turks commanded by Suleiman the Magnificent.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362793946#July–September", "title": "1529", "revid": 1362793946, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1532, "year_label": "1532 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 5", "text": "August 5 – The siege of Güns in the Austrian Empire begins as the Ottoman army, under Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, attempts to take the city of Güns (now Kőszeg in Hungary) with 100,000 troops in order to mount a larger invasion of the Austrian city of Vienna, capital of the Holy Roman Empire. The defenders, less than 800 Croatian soldiers commanded by Nikola Jurišić, puts up a successful resistance despite being outnumbered by more than 100 to 1.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368818925#July–September", "title": "1532", "revid": 1368818925, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1532, "year_label": "1532 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 25", "text": "June 25 – Suleiman the Magnificent leads another invasion of Hungary.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368818925#April–June", "title": "1532", "revid": 1368818925, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1533, "year_label": "1533 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "1533–1534 – Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent makes the Ruthenian harem girl Roxelana his legal wife.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359627731#Date_unknown", "title": "1533", "revid": 1359627731, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1533, "year_label": "1533 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 22", "text": "July 22 – Treaty of Constantinople between the Ottoman Empire and the Archduchy of Austria: Ferdinand I, King of the Romans, withdraws his claims to most of Hungary and János Szapolyai, voivode of Transylvania, becomes King of Hungary under the suzerainty of Suleiman the Magnificent, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359627731#July–September", "title": "1533", "revid": 1359627731, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1534, "year_label": "1534 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 4", "text": "December 4 – The Ottoman army under Suleiman the Magnificent captures the city of Baghdad from the Safavids without a struggle, beginning almost 400 years of Ottoman rule of what is now Iraq.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369558671#October–December", "title": "1534", "revid": 1369558671, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1535, "year_label": "1535 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Suleiman the Magnificent begins the rebuilding of the walls around Jerusalem.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561145#Date_unknown", "title": "1535", "revid": 1369561145, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1536, "year_label": "1536 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 8", "text": "March 8 – Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire since 1523, is executed after falling into disfavor with Hürrem Sultan, the wife of Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent. After Hürrem persuades her husband that Pargali Ibrahim has become a threat as his money and power have increased, Suleiman hosts an elaborate dinner with Pargali as his guest. After the dinner ends, Pargali prepares to go to bed but is seized and strangled upon reaching his bedroom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366494676#January–March", "title": "1536", "revid": 1366494676, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1537, "year_label": "1537 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 23", "text": "July 23 – The third Ottoman–Venetian War begins as the Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent leads an invasion of the Republic of Venice. The war will continue until October 2, 1540.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362632656#July–September", "title": "1537", "revid": 1362632656, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1538, "year_label": "1538 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 28", "text": "September 28 – Battle of Preveza: The Ottoman fleet of Suleiman the Magnificent, under the command of Hayreddin Barbarossa, defeats the Holy League of Emperor Charles V, under the command of Andrea Doria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561127#July–September", "title": "1538", "revid": 1369561127, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1539, "year_label": "1539 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 13", "text": "July 13 – Lütfi Pasha becomes the new Grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire after being appointed by the Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent following the death of Ayas Mehmed Pasha", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366494992#July–September", "title": "1539", "revid": 1366494992, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1541, "year_label": "1541 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent seals off The Golden Gate in Jerusalem, likely because of a prophecy that the Messiah would return through this gate to Jerusalem.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361813253#Date_unknown", "title": "1541", "revid": 1361813253, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1541, "year_label": "1541 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 21", "text": "August 21 – The Janissaries of Suleiman the Magnificent besiege Buda, wounding Wilhelm von Roggendorf, who dies from his wounds on the way to Komárno a few days later.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361813253#July–September", "title": "1541", "revid": 1361813253, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1543, "year_label": "1543 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 23", "text": "April 23 – Suleiman the Magnificent, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, follows up on his 1541 annexation of Hungary by invading a second time to capture areas that had been taken by Archduke Ferdinand, including Esztergom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369357899#April–June", "title": "1543", "revid": 1369357899, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1543, "year_label": "1543 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 25", "text": "July 25 – Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Sultan, begins the siege of the city of Esztergom in Hungary.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369357899#July–September", "title": "1543", "revid": 1369357899, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1543, "year_label": "1543 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 4", "text": "September 4 – Campaign of Suleiman: Suleiman the Magnificent captures the Hungarian coronation city of Székesfehérvár after a siege that had started on August 20. The city will be occupied by the Ottoman Empire for 145 years.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369357899#July–September", "title": "1543", "revid": 1369357899, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1544, "year_label": "1544 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 24", "text": "November 24 – Rüstem Opuković Pasha, son-in-law of the Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, is appointed as the new Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire, replacing Hadım Suleiman Pasha.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359947848#October–December", "title": "1544", "revid": 1359947848, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1548, "year_label": "1548 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 11", "text": "June 11 – Suleiman the Magnificent, the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire begins an invasion of Safavid Iran that will last for almost two years before he abandons it.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366656469#April–June", "title": "1548", "revid": 1366656469, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1549, "year_label": "1549 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 21", "text": "December 21 – Ottoman Empire Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent abandons his campaign against Safavid Iran after 21 months, during which he was unable to proceed further than Tabriz.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362482759#October–December", "title": "1549", "revid": 1362482759, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1551, "year_label": "1551 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 11", "text": "June 11 – With the approval of the Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, Prince Ilie's brother Ștefan VI Rareș becomes the new Prince of Moldavia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352783865#April–June", "title": "1551", "revid": 1352783865, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1553, "year_label": "1553 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "October 6", "text": "October 6 – Şehzade Mustafa, oldest son of Suleiman the Magnificent, is executed in Konya by order of his father.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362480437#October–December", "title": "1553", "revid": 1362480437, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1557, "year_label": "1557 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 30", "text": "December 30 – Italian War of 1551–1559: King Henri II of France, through his ambassador Jean Cavenac de la Vigne sends a letter to Suleiman the Magnificent, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire for the dispatch of 150 Ottoman Navy ships to protect the French coast.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365955110#October–December", "title": "1557", "revid": 1365955110, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1558, "year_label": "1558 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 15", "text": "April 15 – Hurrem Sultan, Ruthenian-born wife of Suleiman the Magnificent (b. c. 1500)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368141988#Deaths", "title": "1558", "revid": 1368141988, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1558, "year_label": "1558 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 13", "text": "June 13 – An armada of ships from the Ottoman Empire, dispatched by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent at the request of King Henry II of France, sails into the Bay of Naples at Italy and attacks the city of Sorrento.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368141988#April–June", "title": "1558", "revid": 1368141988, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1566, "year_label": "1566 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 6", "text": "August 6 – The siege of Szigetvár is begun by Suleiman the Magnificent, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. This is the Ottoman Empire at its greatest extent.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365562466#July–September", "title": "1566", "revid": 1365562466, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1566, "year_label": "1566 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "May 1", "text": "May 1 – Suleiman the Magnificent, the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, begins his last campaign, departing from Constantinople at the head of one of the largest armies he has ever commanded, with a plan to attack Vienna, capital of the Holy Roman Empire. However, he dies in September.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365562466#April–June", "title": "1566", "revid": 1365562466, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1566, "year_label": "1566 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September 7", "text": "September 7 – Suleiman the Magnificent dies in his tent of natural causes aged 71 the day before the end of the siege of Szigetvár, and Selim II succeeds him as Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365562466#July–September", "title": "1566", "revid": 1365562466, "section": "Events › July–September"}}]}