{"slug": "sumatra", "label": "Sumatra", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492", "qid": "Q3492", "description": "island in western Indonesia, westernmost of the Sunda Islands", "entries": 20, "years": 20, "span": [600, 2019], "span_label": ["600 CE", "2019 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 6}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 4}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 3}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 3}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "indonesia", "label": "Indonesia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "malaysia", "label": "Malaysia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "buddhism", "label": "Buddhism", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "india", "label": "India", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "myanmar", "label": "Myanmar", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "thailand", "label": "Thailand", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "sri-lanka", "label": "Sri Lanka", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "somalia", "label": "Somalia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "maldives", "label": "Maldives", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "chola-dynasty", "label": "Chola dynasty", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "southeast-asia", "label": "Southeast Asia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "vietnam", "label": "Vietnam", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 600, "year_label": "600 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "Sumatra, Java, and the surrounding islands are converted to Buddhism.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364751689#Religion", "title": "600", "revid": 1364751689, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 683, "year_label": "683 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": null, "text": "Srivijaya is founded by Sri Jayanasa in Sumatra", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367313750#Asia", "title": "683", "revid": 1367313750, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 790, "year_label": "790 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Cambodia begins to break away from the Sumatra-based kingdom Srivijaya, as a 20-year-old Cambodian prince, who claims descent from the rulers of Funan, is consecrated in eastern Cambodia with the title Jayavarman II. In the next 10 years he will extend his powers north into the Mekong Valley (modern Vietnam).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848291#Asia", "title": "790", "revid": 1340848291, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1025, "year_label": "1025 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Srivijaya, a Buddhist kingdom based in Sumatra, is attacked by Emperor Rajendra I of the Chola dynasty of southern India in a dispute over trading rights in Southeast Asia. It survives but declines in importance.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367042525#Asia", "title": "1025", "revid": 1367042525, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1377, "year_label": "1377 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "A rebellion against the Majapahit Empire is quashed in Sumatra in what is now Indonesia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368383535#Date_unknown", "title": "1377", "revid": 1368383535, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1400, "year_label": "1400 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Prince Parameswara establishes the Malacca Sultanate, in present-day western Malaysia and northern Sumatra.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369029011#Date_unknown", "title": "1400", "revid": 1369029011, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1432, "year_label": "1432 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "September 12", "text": "September 12 – The Ming Chinese expedition reaches the Samudera Pasai Sultanate on Sumatra (now part of Indonesia) and establishes trade agreements with the Sultan Zainal Abidin II, remaining at Pasai until November 2.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361998124#July–September", "title": "1432", "revid": 1361998124, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1579, "year_label": "1579 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 5", "text": "October 5 – At Banda Aceh, on the island of Sumatra in what is now Indonesia, Alauddin Mansur Syah becomes the new Sultan of Aceh upon the death of Sultan Zainul Abidin.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362792771#October–December", "title": "1579", "revid": 1362792771, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1589, "year_label": "1589 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 28", "text": "June 28 – On the island of Sumatra in what is now Indonesia, the Sultan of Aceh Darussalam, Ali Ri'ayat Syah II, is assassinated by a group of nobles dissatisfied with his rule. He becomes the fourth Sultan in a row to be murdered. Sayyid al-Mukammal is approved by the nobles as the new Sultan of Aceh.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359971295#April–June", "title": "1589", "revid": 1359971295, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1602, "year_label": "1602 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 5", "text": "June 5 – James Lancaster's East India Company fleet arrives at Achin (modern-day Aceh), Sumatra to deal with the local ruler. Having defeated Portugal's ally, the ruler is happy to do business, and Lancaster seizes a large Portuguese galleon and loots it.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351972919#April–June", "title": "1602", "revid": 1351972919, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1682, "year_label": "1682 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 17", "text": "June 17 – The Indonesian city of Bandar Lampung is founded on the island of Sumatra.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560956#April–June", "title": "1682", "revid": 1369560956, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1796, "year_label": "1796 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 9", "text": "September 9 – French Revolutionary Wars: Action of 9 September 1796 – A naval engagement between French and British squadrons off Sumatra ends inconclusively.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368676893#July–September", "title": "1796", "revid": 1368676893, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1814, "year_label": "1814 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 13", "text": "August 13 – The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 is signed in London, returning most possessions of the Dutch Empire acquired by the United Kingdom since 1803 to the Netherlands, although Britain retains the Cape of Good Hope and the South American settlements of Demerara, Essequibo and Berbice (later consolidated as British Guiana). In addition, the British cede the island of Banca off the island of Sumatra, in exchange for the settlement of Cochin, India.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360305709#July–September", "title": "1814", "revid": 1360305709, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1833, "year_label": "1833 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "November 25", "text": "November 25 – An 8.7 magnitude earthquake strikes Sumatra in what is now Indonesia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369983797#October–December", "title": "1833", "revid": 1369983797, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1864, "year_label": "1864 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Dutch conquer southern Sumatra.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369213895#Date_unknown", "title": "1864", "revid": 1369213895, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 2000, "year_label": "2000 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "June 4", "text": "June 4 – The 7.9 Enggano earthquake shakes southwestern Sumatra, killing 103 people and injuring at least 2,174.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371541477#June", "title": "2000", "revid": 1371541477, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 2004, "year_label": "2004 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "December 26", "text": "December 26 – The 9.1–9.3 Indian Ocean earthquake shakes northern Sumatra with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). One of the largest observed tsunamis follows, affecting coastal areas of Thailand, India, Sri Lanka, Somalia, the Maldives, Malaysia, Myanmar, Bangladesh, and Indonesia, killing 227,000 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373088592#December", "title": "2004", "revid": 1373088592, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 2005, "year_label": "2005 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "March 28", "text": "March 28 – The 8.6 Nias–Simeulue earthquake shakes northern Sumatra with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VI (Strong), leaving 915–1,314 people dead and 340–1,146 injured.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368527363#March", "title": "2005", "revid": 1368527363, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 2010, "year_label": "2010 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "October 25", "text": "October 25 – An earthquake and consequent tsunami off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia, kills over 400 people and leaves hundreds missing.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372829682#October", "title": "2010", "revid": 1372829682, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 2019, "year_label": "2019 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "December 23", "text": "December 23 – 28 people are killed and 13 others injured after a bus plunges into a ravine on a winding road in South Sumatra.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373255188#December", "title": "2019", "revid": 1373255188, "section": "Events › December"}}]}