{"slug": "taiwan", "label": "Taiwan", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865", "qid": "Q865", "description": "country in East Asia", "entries": 41, "years": 31, "span": [239, 2024], "span_label": ["239 CE", "2024 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 15}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 9}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 6}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 5}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 3}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "china", "label": "China", "shared": 8}, {"slug": "dutch-east-india-company", "label": "Dutch East India Company", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "qing-dynasty", "label": "Qing dynasty", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "japan", "label": "Japan", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "united-states", "label": "United States", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kuomintang", "label": "Kuomintang", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "republic-of-china", "label": "Republic of China", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "okinawa-prefecture", "label": "Okinawa Prefecture", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "philippines", "label": "Philippines", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "hong-kong", "label": "Hong Kong", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "honduras", "label": "Honduras", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kangxi-emperor", "label": "Kangxi Emperor", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 239, "year_label": "239 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "A Chinese expeditionary force from the Eastern Wu state discovers the island of Taiwan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1270781286#Asia", "title": "239", "revid": 1270781286, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1544, "year_label": "1544 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Portuguese explorers encounter the island of Taiwan, and call it Ilha Formosa (\"Beautiful Island\").", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359947848#Date_unknown", "title": "1544", "revid": 1359947848, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1624, "year_label": "1624 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 4", "text": "August 4 – The Dutch East India Company agrees to Chinese demands to withdraw its operations from the Penghu islands, and relocates its trading post to Fort Zeelandia and the Dutch-controlled island of Formosa, now Tainan on Taiwan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331350573#July–September", "title": "1624", "revid": 1331350573, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1629, "year_label": "1629 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Fort Santo Domingo is built in Formosa by the Spanish East Indies.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365103352#Undated", "title": "1629", "revid": 1365103352, "section": "Events › Undated"}}, {"year": 1642, "year_label": "1642 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 3", "text": "August 3 – A Dutch Navy fleet of 14 warships, led by Hendric Harouse, begins a campaign to drive Spaniards from the island of Formosa (modern-day Taiwan) off of the coast of mainland China. After disembarking at Tamsui, the Dutch begin a siege of Fort Domingo, which falls on Saint Bartolomeo Day (August 24).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350256188#July–September", "title": "1642", "revid": 1350256188, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1652, "year_label": "1652 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 11", "text": "September 11 – The Guo Huaiyi Rebellion, a peasant revolt on the island of Taiwan against colonial rule in Dutch Formosa, is suppressed after four days.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367149733#July–September", "title": "1652", "revid": 1367149733, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1661, "year_label": "1661 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 7", "text": "April 7 – The siege of Fort Zeelandia, the Dutch East India Company (VOC) headquarters on the Chinese island of Taiwan (near modern Taoyuan City) is started by Koxinga and his invading force from China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365986603#April–June", "title": "1661", "revid": 1365986603, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1661, "year_label": "1661 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 14", "text": "June 14 – General Zheng Chenggong of China takes control of most of the island of Taiwan from the Dutch East India Company and proclaims the Kingdom of Tungning, with himself as the ruler.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365986603#April–June", "title": "1661", "revid": 1365986603, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1661, "year_label": "1661 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 23", "text": "March 23 – General Zheng Chenggong of China, known as \"Koxinga\" leads an invasion of the island of Taiwan, at the time under the control of the Dutch East India Company (VOC), bringing 25,000 soldiers and sailors on hundreds of boats to claim the territory.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365986603#January–March", "title": "1661", "revid": 1365986603, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1662, "year_label": "1662 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "February 1", "text": "February 1 – Chinese general Koxinga (Zheng Chenggong) captures the Dutch East India Company's settlement at Fort Zeelandia (now Tainan) on the island of Taiwan after a nine-month siege, ending the company's rule on the island, then establishes the Kingdom of Tungning. In response, the Kangxi Emperor of the mainland Qing dynasty relocates all residents along the southern coast, by 50 miles.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365988036#January–March", "title": "1662", "revid": 1365988036, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1662, "year_label": "1662 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 23", "text": "June 23 – Koxinga, who had founded the Kingdom of Tungning on the island of Taiwan a year earlier, names his successor while on his deathbed. He appoints his son, Zheng Jing, whom he had earlier ordered unsuccessfully to be executed, as the new King.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365988036#April–June", "title": "1662", "revid": 1365988036, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1671, "year_label": "1671 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "September 6", "text": "September 6 – The Court of King Charles II of England dispatches a letter to the \"King of Formosa\" (Zheng Jing, ruler of the Kingdom of Tungning) confirming that English ships will be welcome to trade at the \"City of Tywan\", referring to Taipei on the island of Taiwan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365991065#July–September", "title": "1671", "revid": 1365991065, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1683, "year_label": "1683 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "July 8", "text": "July 8 – Admiral Shi Lang of Qing dynasty China leads 300 ships with 20,000 troops out of Tongshan, Fujian, and sails towards the Kingdom of Tungning, in modern-day Taiwan and Penghu, in order to quell the kingdom in the name of the Qing.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366000368#July–September", "title": "1683", "revid": 1366000368, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1683, "year_label": "1683 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 3", "text": "October 3 – Shi Lang reaches Taiwan and occupies modern-day Kaohsiung.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366000368#October–December", "title": "1683", "revid": 1366000368, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1705, "year_label": "1705 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Taichung City, Taiwan is founded as the village of Dadun.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355353320#Date_unknown", "title": "1705", "revid": 1355353320, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1895, "year_label": "1895 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 4", "text": "March 4 – Japanese troops capture Liaoyang and land in Taiwan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364324653#March", "title": "1895", "revid": 1364324653, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1895, "year_label": "1895 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 24", "text": "May 24 – Anti-Japanese officials, led by Tang Jingsong in Taiwan, declare independence from the Qing dynasty, forming the short-lived Republic of Formosa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364324653#May", "title": "1895", "revid": 1364324653, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1947, "year_label": "1947 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 28", "text": "February 28 – In Taiwan, civil disorder is put down, with large loss of civilian lives.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371901060#February", "title": "1947", "revid": 1371901060, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1948, "year_label": "1948 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 1", "text": "November 1 – A boiler and ammunition explosion aboard merchant ship Xuan Huai evacuating troops of the Republic of China Army from Yingkou, China for Taiwan causes thousands of deaths.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371784888#November", "title": "1948", "revid": 1371784888, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1949, "year_label": "1949 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "May 20", "text": "May 20 – The Kuomintang regime declares martial law in Taiwan, which lasts until 1987.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370167995#May", "title": "1949", "revid": 1370167995, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1949, "year_label": "1949 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 27", "text": "October 27 – Battle of Kuningtou: Chinese communist troops fail to take Quemoy; their advance towards Taiwan is halted.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370167995#October", "title": "1949", "revid": 1370167995, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1952, "year_label": "1952 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 11", "text": "April 11 – Battle of Nanri Island: The Republic of China seizes the island from the People's Republic of China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373187098#March–April", "title": "1952", "revid": 1373187098, "section": "Events › March–April"}}, {"year": 1955, "year_label": "1955 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 11", "text": "April 11 – The Taiwanese Kuomintang put a bomb on the airplane Kashmir Princess, killing 16 but failing to assassinate the People's Republic of China leader, Zhou Enlai.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371173508#April", "title": "1955", "revid": 1371173508, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1955, "year_label": "1955 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 10", "text": "February 10 – The United States Seventh Fleet helps the Republic of China evacuate the Chinese Nationalist army and residents from the Tachen Islands to Taiwan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371173508#February", "title": "1955", "revid": 1371173508, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1959, "year_label": "1959 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "August 8", "text": "August 8 – A flood in Taiwan kills 2,000.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370221732#August", "title": "1959", "revid": 1370221732, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1972, "year_label": "1972 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 13", "text": "April 13 – The Universal Postal Union decides to recognize the People's Republic of China as the only legitimate Chinese representative, effectively expelling the Republic of China administering Taiwan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371514417#April", "title": "1972", "revid": 1371514417, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1979, "year_label": "1979 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 6", "text": "November 6 – At Montevideo, Uruguay, the International Olympic Committee adopts a resolution, whereby Taiwan Olympic and sports teams will participate with the name Chinese Taipei in future Olympic Games and international sports tournaments and championships.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371786119#November", "title": "1979", "revid": 1371786119, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1995, "year_label": "1995 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 21", "text": "July 21–26 – Third Taiwan Strait Crisis: The Chinese People's Liberation Army fires missiles into the waters north of Taiwan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372467239#July", "title": "1995", "revid": 1372467239, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1996, "year_label": "1996 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "March 8", "text": "March 8 – Third Taiwan Strait Crisis: China begins surface-to-surface missile testing and military exercises off Taiwanese coastal areas. The United States government condemns the act as provocation, and the Taiwanese government warns of retaliation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371596794#March", "title": "1996", "revid": 1371596794, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 2005, "year_label": "2005 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 14", "text": "March 14 – China ratifies an anti-secession law, aimed at preventing Taiwan from declaring independence.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368527363#March", "title": "2005", "revid": 1368527363, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 2009, "year_label": "2009 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "August 7", "text": "August 7 – Typhoon Morakot hits Taiwan, killing 673 and stranding more than 1,000 via the worst flooding on the island in half a century.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367728140#August", "title": "2009", "revid": 1367728140, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 2016, "year_label": "2016 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "February 6", "text": "February 6 – An earthquake of magnitude 6.6 strikes southern Taiwan, killing 117 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373421880#February", "title": "2016", "revid": 1373421880, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 2016, "year_label": "2016 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 20", "text": "May 20 – Tsai Ing-wen is sworn in as the first female President of the Republic of China (Taiwan).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373421880#May", "title": "2016", "revid": 1373421880, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 2018, "year_label": "2018 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "September 14", "text": "September 14–16 – Typhoon Mangkhut impacts the Philippines, Taiwan, Hong Kong and China, resulting in more than 60 fatalities.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373090883#September", "title": "2018", "revid": 1373090883, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2019, "year_label": "2019 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 31", "text": "March 31 – Taiwan scrambles its fighter aircraft after two Chinese jets crossed the maritime border between the two nations. Just the day before, Japan had similarly scrambled its jets after Chinese jets flew between Miyako and Okinawa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373255188#March", "title": "2019", "revid": 1373255188, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 2019, "year_label": "2019 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "October 1", "text": "October 1 – The Nanfang'ao Bridge, the only steel single-arch bridge in Taiwan, collapses, killing six people and injuring more than twenty others.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373255188#October", "title": "2019", "revid": 1373255188, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 2020, "year_label": "2020 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 5", "text": "August 5 – U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services Alex Azar travels to Taiwan, the highest U.S. official visit to the country in 40 years. The PRC condemns the visit.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371633312#August", "title": "2020", "revid": 1371633312, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 2020, "year_label": "2020 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 11", "text": "January 11 – Presidential and legislative elections are held in Taiwan. Incumbent president Tsai Ing-wen is reelected, and the Democratic Progressive Party wins a majority of 67 out of 113 seats in the Legislative Yuan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371633312#January", "title": "2020", "revid": 1371633312, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 2021, "year_label": "2021 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "April 2", "text": "April 2 – 2021 Hualien train derailment: In Taiwan, a Taroko Express train collided with a truck that rolled down a slope and derailed, resulting in 49 deaths and 202 injuries.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372689859#April", "title": "2021", "revid": 1372689859, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 2023, "year_label": "2023 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 26", "text": "March 26 – Honduras switches its formal diplomatic recognition of \"China\" from the Republic of China to the People's Republic of China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372811827#March", "title": "2023", "revid": 1372811827, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 2024, "year_label": "2024 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "April 3", "text": "April 3 – A powerful earthquake with a magnitude of 7.4 strikes off the eastern coast of Taiwan, with small tsunamis reaching heights of 20 – 30 hitting Okinawa Prefecture, Japan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371869228#April", "title": "2024", "revid": 1371869228, "section": "Events › April"}}]}