{"slug": "tarsus-mersin", "label": "Tarsus, Mersin", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarsus%2C_Mersin", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134287", "qid": "Q134287", "description": "district and town in Mersin, Turkey", "entries": 14, "years": 14, "span": [276, 1220], "span_label": ["276 CE", "1220 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 11}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "mopsuestia", "label": "Mopsuestia", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "cilicia", "label": "Cilicia", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "turkey", "label": "Turkey", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "adana", "label": "Adana", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "abbasid-caliphate", "label": "Abbasid Caliphate", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "bohemond-i-of-antioch", "label": "Bohemond I of Antioch", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "principality-of-antioch", "label": "Principality of Antioch", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "arabbyzantine-wars", "label": "Arab–Byzantine wars", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "syria", "label": "Syria", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "tancred-of-galilee", "label": "Tancred of Galilee", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kahramanmaras", "label": "Kahramanmaraş", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 276, "year_label": "276 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Florianus holds power for some weeks and fights indecisively against Probus in Cilicia, but his soldiers, many of whom are from the colder Rhine and Danube frontiers, suffer from heat and disease. He is overthrown and then assassinated by his own troops near Tarsus (Turkey), in collusion with Probus. Probus, age 44, is proclaimed new Emperor of Rome.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267074469#Roman_Empire", "title": "276", "revid": 1267074469, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 334, "year_label": "334 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Flavius Dalmatius puts down a revolt in Cyprus, led by Calocaerus. Calocaerus is brought to Tarsus (Cilicia), and executed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367641884#Roman_Empire", "title": "334", "revid": 1367641884, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 484, "year_label": "484 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 19", "text": "July 19 – Leontius, Roman usurper, is crowned emperor at Tarsus (modern Turkey). Empress dowager Verina sends a letter to the governors of the Diocese of the East and the Diocese of Egypt for support. He is recognized in Antioch and makes it his capital.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364749511#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "484", "revid": 1364749511, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 831, "year_label": "831 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Byzantine–Arab War: Emperor Theophilos invades the Abbasid dominions, and reaches the Euphrates River in north-eastern Syria. He captures and sacks the city of Tarsus, but is defeated in Cappadocia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941627#Abbasid_Empire_and_Byzantine_Empire", "title": "831", "revid": 1340941627, "section": "Events › By place › Abbasid Empire and Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 904, "year_label": "904 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Arab–Byzantine War: The Byzantines under Andronikos Doukas, along with Eustathios Argyros, campaign against the Abbasids and defeat the Muslim garrisons of Mopsuestia and Tarsus, near Marash (modern Turkey).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341130856#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "904", "revid": 1341130856, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 906, "year_label": "906 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 22", "text": "October 22 – Abbasid commander Ahmad ibn Kayghalagh leads a raid against the Byzantine Empire from Tarsus, joined by the governor Rustam ibn Baradu. He reaches the Halys River and takes 4,000–5,000 captives.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364979263#Arabian_Empire", "title": "906", "revid": 1364979263, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 956, "year_label": "956 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September", "text": "September - October – A Byzantine fleet under Basil Hexamilites deals a crushing defeat to the Hamdanid fleet at Tarsus in Cilicia (modern Turkey).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364917782#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "956", "revid": 1364917782, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 965, "year_label": "965 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Arab–Byzantine War: Emperor Nikephoros II conquers the fortress cities of Tarsus and Mopsuestia. The Muslim residents abandon the defense and flee into Syria. Nikephoros completes the conquest of Cilicia; Muslim raids into Anatolia (modern Turkey) permanently cease. Byzantine troops under General Niketas Chalkoutzes occupy Cyprus, liberating the Greek population from Muslim domination.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371364470#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "965", "revid": 1371364470, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1101, "year_label": "1101 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Summer – The Byzantine fleet under Admiral Eustathios recaptures the ports of western Cilicia, Seleucia and Corycus. Eustathios extends his power over Cilician territory (belonging to Bohemond I) further east – occupying Tarsus, Adana and Mamistra.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365268186#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1101", "revid": 1365268186, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1103, "year_label": "1103 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Bohemond I, Norman prince of Antioch, is released from Seljuk imprisonment at Niksar, after a ransom is paid of 100,000 gold pieces. During his absence, Tancred (Bohemond's nephew) attacks the Byzantines, and re-captures the cities of Tarsus, Adana and Mamistra in Cilicia. Tancred is deprived of his lordship by Bohemond's return, and is rewarded with a small fief within the Principality of Antioch.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365265973#Levant", "title": "1103", "revid": 1365265973, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1104, "year_label": "1104 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – The Byzantines re-occupy the Cilician cities of Tarsus, Adana and Mamistra. A naval squadron, under Admiral Cantacuzenus, pursues in Cypriot waters a Genoese raiding fleet, and sails on to Latakia, where they capture the harbour and the lower city. Bohemond I reinforces the garrison in the citadel.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365271015#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1104", "revid": 1365271015, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1107, "year_label": "1107 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Crusaders under Tancred, prince of Galilee, recover the Cilician cities of Tarsus, Adana and Mamistra conquered by Emperor Alexios I 3-years ago (see 1104).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365266728#Levant", "title": "1107", "revid": 1365266728, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1137, "year_label": "1137 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Emperor John II (Komnenos) leads a Byzantine expeditionary force into Cilicia (the Byzantine fleet guards his flank). He defeats the Armenians under Prince Leo I (\"Lord of the Mountains\"), and captures the cities of Mersin, Tarsus, Adana and Mamistra. Leo retreats to the great fortifications of Anazarbus – where its garrison resists for 37 days. The Byzantine siege engines batter down its walls, and the city is forced to surrender. Leo escapes into the Taurus Mountains, while the Byzantine forces march southward into the plain of Antioch.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362157430#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1137", "revid": 1362157430, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1220, "year_label": "1220 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Raymond-Roupen, prince of Antioch, invades Armenian Cilicia, together with his mother, Alice, and establishes himself at Tarsus. There he waits for help from the Knights Hospitaller. Constantine of Baberon, a powerful Armenian nobleman and regent for Queen Isabella, marches with his forces to the Tarsus stronghold.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360552842#Levant", "title": "1220", "revid": 1360552842, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}]}