{"slug": "tbilisi", "label": "Tbilisi", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tbilisi", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q994", "qid": "Q994", "description": "capital and the largest city of Georgia (country)", "entries": 17, "years": 17, "span": [458, 2025], "span_label": ["458 CE", "2025 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 13}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "georgia-country", "label": "Georgia (country)", "shared": 8}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-georgia", "label": "Kingdom of Georgia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "ottoman-empire", "label": "Ottoman Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "david-iv", "label": "David IV", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "safavid-dynasty", "label": "Safavid dynasty", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "france", "label": "France", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "jerusalem", "label": "Jerusalem", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "jesus", "label": "Jesus", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "silk-road", "label": "Silk Road", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "western-turkic-khaganate", "label": "Western Turkic Khaganate", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "timur", "label": "Timur", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "islam", "label": "Islam", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 458, "year_label": "458 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The city of Tbilisi (Georgia) on the Kura River is founded by King Vakhtang I of Iberia. Its location gives it control of the trade routes between western and eastern Transcaucasia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364748114#Exploration_and_Colonization", "title": "458", "revid": 1364748114, "section": "Events › By topic › Exploration and Colonization"}}, {"year": 628, "year_label": "628 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Third Perso-Turkic War: The Western Göktürks under their leader Tong Yabghu Qaghan plunder Tbilisi (modern Georgia). The Persian defenders are executed or mutilated, Tong Yabghu appoints governors (tuduns) to manage various tribes under his overlordship.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340803502#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "628", "revid": 1340803502, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 914, "year_label": "914 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Sajid invasion of Georgia: A Muslim army under Yusuf ibn Abi'l-Saj campaigns in the Georgian principalities. He makes Tiflis his base for operations, and invades Kakheti. Yusuf proceeds to Kartli, where the fortifications of Uplistsikhe are demolished. He besieges and captures the fortress of Q'ueli, putting its defender Gobron to death.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355643516#Arabian_Empire", "title": "914", "revid": 1355643516, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 1121, "year_label": "1121 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The much larger Seljuk army is heavily defeated; Georgia is unified and independence is achieved from Muslim authority. King David IV lays siege and captures Tbilisi later in the year assigning it as his capital.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362154597#Eurasia", "title": "1121", "revid": 1362154597, "section": "Events › By place › Eurasia"}}, {"year": 1122, "year_label": "1122 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Siege of Tbilisi: The Georgians led by King David IV ('the Builder') re-conquer the city of Tbilisi from the Emirate of Tbilisi after a 1-year siege. David makes it his capital and unifies the Georgian State.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373038979#Eurasia", "title": "1122", "revid": 1373038979, "section": "Events › By place › Eurasia"}}, {"year": 1225, "year_label": "1225 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Battle of Garni: Khwarezmid forces led by Jalal al-Din Mangburni defeat the Georgian army (some 70,000 men) at Garni. The royal court of Queen Rusudan moves to Kutaisi, while the Georgian capital Tbilisi is besieged by the Khwarezmians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333322984#Middle_East", "title": "1225", "revid": 1333322984, "section": "Events › By place › Middle East"}}, {"year": 1226, "year_label": "1226 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 9", "text": "March 9 – Khwarazmian Empire forces commanded by the Muslim Sultan Jalal al-Din Mangburni capture Tbilisi, capital of the Kingdom of Georgia. After the capture, the massacre of thousands of its Christian inhabitants begins as residents are given the choice between converting to Islam or being put to death.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372695704#January_–_March", "title": "1226", "revid": 1372695704, "section": "Events › January – March"}}, {"year": 1341, "year_label": "1341 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Tbilisi becomes a capital of European Christian Cathedra, after the city of Smirna. George V (the Brilliant) returns Jerusalem and the Grave of Christ from the Muslims.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561422#Date_unknown", "title": "1341", "revid": 1369561422, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1386, "year_label": "1386 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 21", "text": "November 21 – The Mongol conqueror Timur, called \"Tamerlane\" in the west, captures and sacks the Georgian capital of Tbilisi, taking King Bagrat V prisoner.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359789728#October–December", "title": "1386", "revid": 1359789728, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1505, "year_label": "1505 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 27", "text": "April 27 – In Tbilisi, David X becomes the new ruler of the Kingdom of Kartli in what is now the Republic of Georgia, upon the death of his father Constantine II.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360582113#April–June", "title": "1505", "revid": 1360582113, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1609, "year_label": "1609 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 16", "text": "June 16 – The Battle of Tashiskari is fought as General Giorgi Saakadze of the Georgian Kingdom of Kartli repels invading troops from the Ottoman Empire before they can capture Tbilisi.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365588617#April–June", "title": "1609", "revid": 1365588617, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1616, "year_label": "1616 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Abbas I's Kakhetian and Kartlian campaigns occur as progressive combats. Abbas I of Persia captures Tbilisi following a conflict with the Georgian soldiers and the general populace. After the capture of Tbilisi, Abbas I confronts an Ottoman army. The battle takes place near Lake Gökçe, and results in a Safavid victory.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366307823#Date_unknown", "title": "1616", "revid": 1366307823, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1907, "year_label": "1907 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "June 26", "text": "June 26 – Tiflis bank robbery: Bolsheviks attack a cash-filled bank coach in the centre of Tiflis, Georgia, killing 40 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373349351#June", "title": "1907", "revid": 1373349351, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1921, "year_label": "1921 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 25", "text": "February 25 – Red Army invasion of Georgia: The Red Army enters the Georgian capital Tbilisi and occupies the country, installing a new government and proclaiming the Georgian Soviet Republic.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371086035#February", "title": "1921", "revid": 1371086035, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1989, "year_label": "1989 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 9", "text": "April 9 – Tbilisi massacre: Georgian demonstrators are massacred by Soviet Army soldiers in Tbilisi's central square during a peaceful rally; 20 citizens are killed, many injured. This causes further protests.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369557705#April", "title": "1989", "revid": 1369557705, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1995, "year_label": "1995 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 29", "text": "August 29 – Eduard Shevardnadze, the Georgian head of state, survives an assassination attempt in Tbilisi.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372467239#August", "title": "1995", "revid": 1372467239, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 2025, "year_label": "2025 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "December 13", "text": "December 13 – The Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2025 is held in Tbilisi, Georgia. French contestant Lou Deleuze wins with the song \"Ce monde\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372865033#December", "title": "2025", "revid": 1372865033, "section": "Events › December"}}]}