{"slug": "terra-mariana", "label": "Terra Mariana", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra_Mariana", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2458532", "qid": "Q2458532", "description": "Principality in the Holy Roman Empire", "entries": 6, "years": 6, "span": [1202, 1561], "span_label": ["1202 CE", "1561 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 5}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Livonian Confederation"], "related": [{"slug": "latvia", "label": "Latvia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "riga", "label": "Riga", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "holy-roman-empire", "label": "Holy Roman Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "estonia", "label": "Estonia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "teutonic-order", "label": "Teutonic Order", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "hanseatic-league", "label": "Hanseatic League", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "tallinn", "label": "Tallinn", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "polishlithuanian-commonwealth", "label": "Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "grand-duchy-of-lithuania", "label": "Grand Duchy of Lithuania", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "tsardom-of-russia", "label": "Tsardom of Russia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "sigismund-ii-augustus", "label": "Sigismund II Augustus", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "livonian-war", "label": "Livonian War", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1202, "year_label": "1202 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Livonian Brothers of the Sword is founded by Bishop Albert of Riga, this to support the Livonian Crusade against the inhabitants of Terra Mariana (medieval Livonia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369187490#Europe", "title": "1202", "revid": 1369187490, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1207, "year_label": "1207 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 2", "text": "February 2 – Terra Mariana (or Medieval Livonia), comprising modern-day Estonia and Latvia, is established as a principality of the Holy Roman Empire. During its existence there is a constant struggle over supremacy between the lands ruled by the Teutonic Order, the secular German nobility, and the citizens of the Hanseatic towns of Riga and Reval.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1348494398#Europe", "title": "1207", "revid": 1348494398, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1311, "year_label": "1311 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "November 23", "text": "November 23 – Pope Clement V appoints Jens Grand, the Danish-born Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen, as the arbiter of a dispute between the Archbishopric of Riga (at the time of Terra Mariana, now the Republic of Latvia) and Teutonic Prussia (now part of Poland).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332018282#October_–_December", "title": "1311", "revid": 1332018282, "section": "Events › October – December"}}, {"year": 1435, "year_label": "1435 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 4", "text": "December 4 – The Livonian Confederation, with a capital at Valka (now on the border of Latvia and Lithuania) is formed by an agreement signed at Valka by the Archbishop of Riga; Courland; the Dorpat; the Ösel–Wiek and bishops of Courland, Dorpat, Ösel-Wiek and Reval; the representatives of the Livonian Order and its vassals; and the deputies of Riga, Reval and Dorpat city municipal councils.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370372061#October–December", "title": "1435", "revid": 1370372061, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1560, "year_label": "1560 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 15", "text": "April 15 – Denmark–Norway buys the Estonian island of Ösel, from its last prince-bishop.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359957428#April–June", "title": "1560", "revid": 1359957428, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1561, "year_label": "1561 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 28", "text": "November 28 – The Treaty of Vilnius is concluded during the Livonian War, between the Livonian Confederation and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. With the treaty, the non-Danish and non-Swedish part of Livonia, with the exception of the Free imperial city of Riga, subjects itself to Polish king and Grand Duke of Lithuania, Sigismund II Augustus with the Pacta subiectionis (Provisio ducalis). In turn, Sigismund grants protection from the Tsardom of Russia, and confirms the Livonian estates' traditional privileges, laid out in the Privilegium Sigismundi Augusti.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358043209#October–December", "title": "1561", "revid": 1358043209, "section": "Events › October–December"}}]}