{"slug": "teutonic-knights", "label": "Teutonic Knights", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teutonic_Knights", "wikidata": null, "qid": null, "description": null, "entries": 32, "years": 24, "span": [1224, 1519], "span_label": ["1224 CE", "1519 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 13}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 9}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 7}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 2}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "grand-duchy-of-lithuania", "label": "Grand Duchy of Lithuania", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "lithuania", "label": "Lithuania", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "jogaila", "label": "Jogaila", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "vytautas", "label": "Vytautas", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "torun", "label": "Toruń", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-poland", "label": "Kingdom of Poland", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "poland", "label": "Poland", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "gotland", "label": "Gotland", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "holy-roman-empire", "label": "Holy Roman Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "jerusalem", "label": "Jerusalem", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-sicily", "label": "Kingdom of Sicily", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pope-honorius-iii", "label": "Pope Honorius III", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1224, "year_label": "1224 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 1", "text": "March 1 – Pope Honorius III sends a letter to the Roman Catholic Patriarch of Jerusalem, Francisco Clemente Pérez Capera, notifying him that the armies and navies of the Holy Roman Empire, the Teutonic Knights and the Kingdom of Sicily will be departing soon to begin the Sixth Crusade to recapture Jerusalem from the Arab rulers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561506#January_–_March", "title": "1224", "revid": 1369561506, "section": "Events › January – March"}}, {"year": 1252, "year_label": "1252 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Lithuanian city of Klaipėda (Memel) is founded by the Teutonic Knights.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365269919#Europe", "title": "1252", "revid": 1365269919, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1311, "year_label": "1311 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 7", "text": "April 7 – Battle of Woplauken: In Europe, the Teutonic Knights defeat the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332018282#April_–_June", "title": "1311", "revid": 1332018282, "section": "Events › April – June"}}, {"year": 1321, "year_label": "1321 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 10", "text": "February 10 – By papal verdict announced in the Polish town of Brześć, the Teutonic Knights are ordered to return the coastal region of Gdańsk Pomerania to Poland, having annexed and occupied it since 1308. The Teutonic Order appeals the judgment and continues fighting against Poland, with a new Polish–Teutonic War breaking out soon afterward.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355655788#January_–_March", "title": "1321", "revid": 1355655788, "section": "Events › January – March"}}, {"year": 1331, "year_label": "1331 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 27", "text": "September 27 – Battle of Płowce: The German Teutonic Knights and the Poles battle to a draw.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365430641#September–December", "title": "1331", "revid": 1365430641, "section": "Events › September–December"}}, {"year": 1336, "year_label": "1336 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 25", "text": "February 25 – Rather than be taken captive by the Teutonic Knights, 4,000 defenders of Pilėnai, Lithuania commit mass suicide.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367230650#Events", "title": "1336", "revid": 1367230650, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1375, "year_label": "1375 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Johannes Abezier (1375–1424), Roman Catholic religious and political leader of the Teutonic Knights, over Polish territory", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370334386#Births", "title": "1375", "revid": 1370334386, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1380, "year_label": "1380 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 31", "text": "May 31 – Grand Duke of Lithuania Jogaila signs the secret Treaty of Dovydiškės, with the Teutonic Knights. This sparks a civil war with his uncle Kęstutis.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360515041#April–June", "title": "1380", "revid": 1360515041, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1382, "year_label": "1382 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Conrad Zöllner von Rothenstein succeeds Winrich von Kniprode, as Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367364320#Date_unknown", "title": "1382", "revid": 1367364320, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1383, "year_label": "1383 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Teutonic Knights recommence war against pagan Lithuania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360411139#Date_unknown", "title": "1383", "revid": 1360411139, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1390, "year_label": "1390 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 19", "text": "January 19 – The Treaty of Lyck confirms an alliance between Vytautas and the Teutonic Knights, in the Lithuanian Civil War against Vytautas's cousin, Jogaila.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371631980#January–March", "title": "1390", "revid": 1371631980, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1390, "year_label": "1390 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 26", "text": "May 26 – Lithuanian Civil War: The Treaty of Königsberg is signed in Königsberg, between Samogitian nobles and representatives of the Teutonic Knights.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371631980#April–June", "title": "1390", "revid": 1371631980, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1390, "year_label": "1390 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 11", "text": "September 11 – Lithuanian Civil War: The coalition of Vytautas and the Teutonic Knights begins a 5-week siege of Vilnius. The Duke of Hereford (the future King Henry IV of England) is among the western European knights serving with the coalition.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371631980#July–September", "title": "1390", "revid": 1371631980, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1391, "year_label": "1391 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 12", "text": "March 12 – Konrad von Wallenrode succeeds Konrad Zöllner von Rotenstein, as Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365430899#January–March", "title": "1391", "revid": 1365430899, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1398, "year_label": "1398 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 17", "text": "March 17 – The Teutonic Knights resume their attack on Lithuania as a fleet of 84 ships, 4,000 men and 400 horses departs from Danzig toward Gotland, and arrive on March 21.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370372737#January–March", "title": "1398", "revid": 1370372737, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1404, "year_label": "1404 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Peace is declared between Lithuania and the Teutonic Knights, after they agree to exchange land and form an alliance against Muscovy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361962096#Date_unknown", "title": "1404", "revid": 1361962096, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1404, "year_label": "1404 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 22", "text": "May 22 – The Peace of Raciążek treaty is signed by the representatives of King Władysław II Jagiełło of Poland, by the Grand Duke Vytautas of Lithuania, and by the Teutonic Knights.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361962096#April–June", "title": "1404", "revid": 1361962096, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1409, "year_label": "1409 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Grand Master Ulrich von Jungingen of the Teutonic Knights guarantees peace with the Kalmar Union of Scandinavia by selling the Baltic Sea island of Gotland to Queen Margaret of Denmark, Norway and Sweden.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361998092#Date_unknown", "title": "1409", "revid": 1361998092, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1409, "year_label": "1409 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 6", "text": "August 6 – The Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War breaks out between the Teutonic Knights and the allied Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361998092#July–September", "title": "1409", "revid": 1361998092, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1409, "year_label": "1409 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 26", "text": "May 26 – The second Samogitian Uprising begins in modern-day Lithuania against the Teutonic Knights who had been granted the rights to the Duchy of Samogita by the Peace of Raciążek in 1402.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361998092#April–June", "title": "1409", "revid": 1361998092, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1410, "year_label": "1410 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 15", "text": "July 15 – Battle of Grunwald (Žalgiris), also known as Battle of Tannenberg: Polish and Lithuanian forces under cousins Jogaila and Vytautas the Great decisively defeat the forces of the Teutonic Knights, whose power is broken.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1337551949#July–September", "title": "1410", "revid": 1337551949, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1414, "year_label": "1414 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July", "text": "July – The Hunger War takes place between the allied Kingdom of Poland, and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, against the Teutonic Knights, who are severely weakened after the Battle of Grunwald four years prior. The war earned its name from destructive scorched earth tactics followed by both sides.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368828978#July–September", "title": "1414", "revid": 1368828978, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1415, "year_label": "1415 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 18", "text": "July 18 – Sigismund, King of the Romans, departs from the meeting of the Council of Constance on a special trip to Perpignan, in order to secure the resignation of the antipope Benedict XIII in order to end the Western Schism, and then to try to end the wars between France and England, and Poland and the Teutonic Knights.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371593286#July–September", "title": "1415", "revid": 1371593286, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1422, "year_label": "1422 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 27", "text": "September 27 – The Teutonic Knights sign the Treaty of Melno with the Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, after the brief Gollub War. The Prussian–Lithuanian border established by the treaty remains unchanged, until World War I.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325155630#July–September", "title": "1422", "revid": 1325155630, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1431, "year_label": "1431 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 16", "text": "June 16 – The Teutonic Knights and Švitrigaila sign the Treaty of Christmemel, creating an anti-Polish alliance.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361768961#April–June", "title": "1431", "revid": 1361768961, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1440, "year_label": "1440 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 21", "text": "February 21 – The Prussian Confederation is proposed as an opposition to the Teutonic Knights at a meeting in Elbing by nobles from the cities of Culm, Elbing, Thorn, Danzig, Braunsberg, Königsberg, and Kneiphof. The delegates agree to hold a larger meeting on March 14 at Marienwerder.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343605568#January–March", "title": "1440", "revid": 1343605568, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1440, "year_label": "1440 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 14", "text": "March 14 – The Prussian Confederation is formed by 53 nobles and clergy, representing 19 Prussian cities, who meet at Elbing to form an opposition to the Teutonic Knights.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343605568#January–March", "title": "1440", "revid": 1343605568, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1454, "year_label": "1454 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 4", "text": "February 4 – The cause of the Thirteen Years' War is set when the Secret Council of the Prussian Confederation sends a formal act of disobedience to the Grand Master, and the citizens of Toruń rebel against the Teutonic Knights, beginning the conflict.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367365323#January–March", "title": "1454", "revid": 1367365323, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1454, "year_label": "1454 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 6", "text": "March 6 – Casimir IV Jagiellon of Poland renounces allegiance to the Teutonic Knights and the Prussian Confederation pledges its allegiance to him.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367365323#January–March", "title": "1454", "revid": 1367365323, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1454, "year_label": "1454 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 18", "text": "September 18 – Thirteen Years' War – Battle of Chojnice: The Polish army is defeated by a smaller but more professional Teutonic army.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367365323#July–September", "title": "1454", "revid": 1367365323, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1466, "year_label": "1466 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "September 23", "text": "September 23 – Peace talks begin in the city of Nieszawka in Poland to end the Thirteen Years' War between the Kingdom of Poland and the Teutonic Knights.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340205441#July–September", "title": "1466", "revid": 1340205441, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1519, "year_label": "1519 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 11", "text": "December 11 – At Toruń, the members of the Sejm of the Kingdom of Poland vote to approve a war against the Teutonic Knights and to assess new taxes to recruit mercenary troops.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365433723#October–December", "title": "1519", "revid": 1365433723, "section": "Events › October–December"}}]}