{"slug": "the-buddha", "label": "The Buddha", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Buddha", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9441", "qid": "Q9441", "description": "Indian philosopher and the founder of Buddhism (623 or 563 BCE – 543 or 483 BCE)", "entries": 22, "years": 21, "span": [-565, 1963], "span_label": ["566 BCE", "1963 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 5}, {"title": "Births", "count": 4}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 4}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 4}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 2}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Buddha", "Gautama Buddha", "Gautama_Buddha", "Siddharta Gautama", "Siddhartha Gautama", "The_Buddha"], "related": [{"slug": "buddhism", "label": "Buddhism", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "china", "label": "China", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "india", "label": "India", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "faxian", "label": "Faxian", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ashoka", "label": "Ashoka", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "sichuan", "label": "Sichuan", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "maurya-empire", "label": "Maurya Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "thailand", "label": "Thailand", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "tibet", "label": "Tibet", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "diplomatic-mission", "label": "Diplomatic mission", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "shanxi", "label": "Shanxi", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -565, "year_label": "566 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Buddha, the founder of Buddhism. Although it is unknown for certain what his birth year was, 566 BCE is the most commonly given date.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129129#Births", "title": "566 BC", "revid": 1350129129, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -563, "year_label": "564 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Siddhartha Gautama (The Lord Buddha), Religious Leader of Buddhism", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129132#Births", "title": "564 BC", "revid": 1350129132, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -562, "year_label": "563 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "563 BC—Death of Queen Maya, mother of Siddhartha Gautama", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129122#Significant_people", "title": "560s BC", "revid": 1350129122, "section": "Significant people"}}, {"year": -556, "year_label": "557 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Siddharta Gautama, also known as the Buddha (year of birth not precisely known)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354684552#Births", "title": "557 BC", "revid": 1354684552, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -549, "year_label": "550 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Siddhartha Gautama founds Buddhism in Northern India after achieving enlightenment after six years of practicing penance and meditation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1356470815#Events", "title": "550 BC", "revid": 1356470815, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -542, "year_label": "543 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Gautama Buddha Mahaparinibbana (traditional in Thailand and elsewhere - basis of Thai solar calendar)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129131#Deaths", "title": "543 BC", "revid": 1350129131, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -527, "year_label": "528 BCE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "528 BC—Gautama Buddha attains Enlightenment, and begins his ministry.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365042826#Events", "title": "520s BC", "revid": 1365042826, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -482, "year_label": "483 BCE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Following the death of Gautama Buddha, the relics associated with his cremation were divided amongst royal families and his disciples, then interned in 8 reliquaries. Each reliquary was then encased in its own burial mound, called a stupa (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342607703#India", "title": "483 BC", "revid": 1342607703, "section": "Events › By place › India"}}, {"year": -482, "year_label": "483 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Gautama Buddha, Indian prince, founder of Buddhism (b. c. 563 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342607703#Deaths", "title": "483 BC", "revid": 1342607703, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -479, "year_label": "480 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Siddhartha Gautama (suggested), wandering ascetic and religious teacher (d. 400 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342344662#Births", "title": "480 BC", "revid": 1342344662, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -399, "year_label": "400 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Siddhārtha Gautama (also known as Buddha), founder of Buddhism (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361270863#Deaths", "title": "400 BC", "revid": 1361270863, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -247, "year_label": "248 BCE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Mauryan king Ashoka is dedicated to the propagation of Buddhism and begins establishing monuments marking several significant sites in the life of Gautama Buddha.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267837859#India", "title": "248 BC", "revid": 1267837859, "section": "Events › By place › India"}}, {"year": 104, "year_label": "104 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "In India, figures of Buddha replace abstract motifs on decorative items.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371186542#Religion", "title": "AD 104", "revid": 1371186542, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 366, "year_label": "366 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Buddhist monk Lè Zūn has a vision of \"golden rays of light shining down on 1,000 Buddhas\", resulting in the creation of the Mogao Caves.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370006797#Religion", "title": "366", "revid": 1370006797, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 402, "year_label": "402 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Fa-Hien, Chinese Buddhist monk, makes a pilgrimage to India, initiating Sino-Indian relations. Stirred by his faith to Buddhism, he visits the sites of Siddhartha Gautama's life.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326555519#Asia", "title": "402", "revid": 1326555519, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 460, "year_label": "460 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "The seated Buddha in the Yungang Grottoes, Datong (Shanxi), is made (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360598361#Art", "title": "460", "revid": 1360598361, "section": "Events › By topic › Art"}}, {"year": 600, "year_label": "600 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Chinese-influenced sculptures of Buddha begin to be created in Japan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364751689#Religion", "title": "600", "revid": 1364751689, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 643, "year_label": "643 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "A Chinese embassy is sent to the North Indian Empire. They are invited by Emperor Harsha, who holds a Buddhist convocation at the capital Kannauj, which is attended by 20 kings and thousands of pilgrims.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340804491#Asia", "title": "643", "revid": 1340804491, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 713, "year_label": "713 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Construction begins on the Leshan Giant Buddha near Leshan, Sichuan Province (China). Upon its completion in 803, it will become the largest stone carved Buddha in the world.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340807131#Religion", "title": "713", "revid": 1340807131, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1040, "year_label": "1040 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Shalu Monastery is founded by the Buddhist monk Chetsun Sherab Jungnay in Tibet.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365593173#Religion", "title": "1040", "revid": 1365593173, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1896, "year_label": "1896 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "December 1", "text": "December 1 – Archaeologist Alois Anton Führer, Nepalese General Khadga Samsher Rana and an expedition rediscover the great stone pillar of Ashoka at Lumbini, traditionally the spot of the birthplace of Gautama Buddha, after using Faxian's records.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364785538#December", "title": "1896", "revid": 1364785538, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1963, "year_label": "1963 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May 8", "text": "May 8 – Huế Phật Đản shootings: The Army of the Republic of Vietnam opens fire on Buddhists who defy a ban on the flying of the Buddhist flag on Vesak, the birthday of Gautama Buddha, killing 9. Earlier, President Ngô Đình Diệm allowed the flying of the Vatican flag in honour of his brother, Archbishop Ngô Đình Thục, triggering the Buddhist crisis in South Vietnam.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370539540#May", "title": "1963", "revid": 1370539540, "section": "Events › May"}}]}