{"slug": "themistocles", "label": "Themistocles", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Themistocles", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179552", "qid": "Q179552", "description": "Athenian politician and general (c. 524–459 BC)", "entries": 12, "years": 11, "span": [-523, -459], "span_label": ["524 BCE", "460 BCE"], "topics": [{"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 5}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 5}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "athens", "label": "Athens", "shared": 8}, {"slug": "achaemenid-empire", "label": "Achaemenid Empire", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "aristides", "label": "Aristides", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "aegina", "label": "Aegina", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "bosporus", "label": "Bosporus", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "cimon", "label": "Cimon", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "sparta", "label": "Sparta", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ancient-greece", "label": "Ancient Greece", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "thessaly", "label": "Thessaly", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "aegean-sea", "label": "Aegean Sea", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -523, "year_label": "524 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Themistocles, archon of Athens (approximate date) (d. 459 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358121888#Births", "title": "524 BC", "revid": 1358121888, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -492, "year_label": "493 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Athenian people elect Themistocles as archon, the chief judicial and civilian executive officer in Athens. He favours resistance against the Persians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342344261#Greece", "title": "493 BC", "revid": 1342344261, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -482, "year_label": "483 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Athenian archon Themistocles realises that the Greeks need to be able to beat the Persians at sea. To carry out this strategy, however, Athens needs far more warships (that is to say the newly developed, specialised triremes) than the 70 it has. Themistocles is initially opposed by other Athenian leaders. However, when the state-owned silver mines at Laurium become the site of a rich strike, Themistocles persuades the assembly, instead of \"declaring a dividend,\" to devote the whole surplus to increasing the navy to a proposed 200 ships.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342607703#Greece", "title": "483 BC", "revid": 1342607703, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -481, "year_label": "482 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Athenian archon Themistocles secures the ostracism of his opponents and becomes the political leader of Athens. The Athenian soldier and statesman, Aristides, is one of those ostracised due to his opposition to Themistocles' naval policy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359664835#Greece", "title": "482 BC", "revid": 1359664835, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -479, "year_label": "480 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Athenian soldier and statesman, Aristides, as well as the former Athenian archon Xanthippus, return from banishment in Aegina to serve under Themistocles against the Persians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342344662#Greece", "title": "480 BC", "revid": 1342344662, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -479, "year_label": "480 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Greek congress decides to send a force of 10,000 Greeks, including hoplites and cavalry, to the Vale of Tempe, through which they believe the Persian army will pass. The force includes Lacedaemonians led by Euanetos and Athenians under Themistocles. Warned by Alexander I of Macedon that the vale can be bypassed elsewhere and that the army of Xerxes is overwhelming, the Greeks decide not to try to hold there and vacate the vale.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342344662#Greece", "title": "480 BC", "revid": 1342344662, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -476, "year_label": "477 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Spartan co-ruler Leotychides and the Athenian leader Themistocles lead a fleet and army to reoccupy northern Greece and to punish the aristocratic family of the Aleuads for having aided the Persians. Leotychides is caught accepting a bribe during the operations in Thessaly.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129381#Greece", "title": "477 BC", "revid": 1350129381, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -475, "year_label": "476 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Cimon of Athens increases his power at the expense of Themistocles. He ousts Pausanias and the Spartans from the area around the Bosporus. The Spartans, hearing that Pausanias is intriguing with the Persians, recall him and he is \"disciplined\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129376#Greece", "title": "476 BC", "revid": 1350129376, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -470, "year_label": "471 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Athenian politician Themistocles loses the confidence of the Athenian people, partly due to his arrogance and partly due to his alleged readiness to take bribes. As a result, he is ostracized and retires to Argos.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1296574771#Greece", "title": "471 BC", "revid": 1296574771, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -468, "year_label": "469 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Themistocles, after being exiled from Athens, makes his way across the Aegean to Magnesia, an inland Ionian city under Persian rule.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129352#Greece", "title": "469 BC", "revid": 1350129352, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -462, "year_label": "463 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Themistocles, who is in exile, approaches the Persian King Artaxerxes I seeking Persian help in regaining power in Athens. Artaxerxes is unwilling to help him, but gives him the satrapy of Magnesia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129357#Greece", "title": "463 BC", "revid": 1350129357, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -459, "year_label": "460 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Themistocles, Athenian politician and naval strategist (b. 525 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354173290#Deaths", "title": "460 BC", "revid": 1354173290, "section": "Deaths"}}]}