{"slug": "tibet", "label": "Tibet", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17252", "qid": "Q17252", "description": "plateau region in west China", "entries": 37, "years": 35, "span": [570, 1959], "span_label": ["570 CE", "1959 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 8}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 6}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 6}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 4}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 3}, {"title": "Births", "count": 2}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 2}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 2}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "nepal", "label": "Nepal", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "india", "label": "India", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "lhasa-prefecture-level-city", "label": "Lhasa (prefecture-level city)", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "buddhism", "label": "Buddhism", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "china", "label": "China", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "korea", "label": "Korea", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "tang-dynasty", "label": "Tang dynasty", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "tibetan-buddhism", "label": "Tibetan Buddhism", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "nanjing", "label": "Nanjing", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "xuande-emperor", "label": "Xuande Emperor", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "september", "label": "September", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "qing-dynasty", "label": "Qing dynasty", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 570, "year_label": "570 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Namri Songtsen, king of Tibet (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340800837#Births", "title": "570", "revid": 1340800837, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 600, "year_label": "600 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Namri Songtsen becomes the new king of Tibet (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364751689#Asia", "title": "600", "revid": 1364751689, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 605, "year_label": "605 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Amshuvarma becomes king of the Licchavi in Nepal. He is credited for opening trade routes to Tibet. His ruling period is known as the \"Golden Period\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364904400#Asia", "title": "605", "revid": 1364904400, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 618, "year_label": "618 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "Songtsän Gampo becomes the first emperor of the Tibetan Empire, after his father Namri Songtsen is poisoned. During his reign he expands Tibet's power beyond Lhasa (Tibetan Plateau) and the Yarlung Valley.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340802929#Asia", "title": "618", "revid": 1340802929, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 637, "year_label": "637 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "King Songtsän Gampo builds the first palace on the site of the Potala Palace in Lhasa (Tibet).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1315736944#Asia", "title": "637", "revid": 1315736944, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 649, "year_label": "649 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 16", "text": "June 16 – Battle of Chabuheluo: General Wang Xuance commands a combined Chinese, Nepalese, and Tibetan expedition into India. He ends up winning the battle and acquiring a Buddhist relic.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365938693#China", "title": "649", "revid": 1365938693, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": 671, "year_label": "671 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "December 7", "text": "December 7 – An annular solar eclipse is visible from Tibet to the Maghreb.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340805234#Events", "title": "671", "revid": 1340805234, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 723, "year_label": "723 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Gunakamadeva, Lichhavi ruler (rajah), founds the city of Kathmandu (modern Nepal). During his reign, he transforms the agrarian society to an industrial city trading between India and Tibet.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364904987#Asia", "title": "723", "revid": 1364904987, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 747, "year_label": "747 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Chinese forces under Gao Xianzhi (a Korean in Tang employ) defeat the Arabs and Tibetans, by rapid military expeditions over the Pamir Mountains and Hindu Kush. About 72 local Indian and Sogdian kingdoms become Tang vassals. Over the next two years he establishes complete control in East Asia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468436#Asia", "title": "AD 747", "revid": 1364468436, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 755, "year_label": "755 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Trisong Detsen becomes emperor of Tibet. During his reign he plays a pivotal role in the introduction of Buddhism, and the establishment of the Nyingma or \"Ancient\" school of Tibetan Buddhism.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340847491#Asia", "title": "755", "revid": 1340847491, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 775, "year_label": "775 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Tibet subdues her Himalayan neighbors, and concludes a boundary agreement with the Chinese Tang dynasty (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848014#Asia", "title": "775", "revid": 1340848014, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 806, "year_label": "806 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Ralpacan, king of Tibet (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1292643508#Births", "title": "806", "revid": 1292643508, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 838, "year_label": "838 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Ralpacan, king of Tibet, murdered (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941885#Deaths", "title": "838", "revid": 1340941885, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 960, "year_label": "960 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Lhachen Dpalgyimgon, king of Mauyul (Tibet)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365272128#Deaths", "title": "960", "revid": 1365272128, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1040, "year_label": "1040 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Shalu Monastery is founded by the Buddhist monk Chetsun Sherab Jungnay in Tibet.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365593173#Religion", "title": "1040", "revid": 1365593173, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1268, "year_label": "1268 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Tibetan monk Drogön Chögyal Phagpa of the Sakya School completes the 'Phags-pa script, which was sponsored by Kublai Khan as a new writing system in his empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1318265867#Asia", "title": "1268", "revid": 1318265867, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1381, "year_label": "1381 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Sonam Drakpa deposes Drakpa Changchub as ruler of Tibet.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365430794#Date_not_known", "title": "1381", "revid": 1365430794, "section": "Events › Date not known"}}, {"year": 1414, "year_label": "1414 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Tibetan lama Je Tsongkhapa, of the Gelug school of Buddhism, declines the offer of the Emperor Cheng Zu of China to appear in the capital at Nanjing, although he sends his disciple Chosrje Shākya Yeshes, who is given the title \"State Teacher\". The later Xuande Emperor will grant Yeshes the title of a king, upon a return visit to China (to the new capital at Beijing).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368828978#Date_unknown", "title": "1414", "revid": 1368828978, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1512, "year_label": "1512 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March 23", "text": "March 23 – Donyo Dorje, ruler of the Kingdom of Ü-Tsang and most of Tibet, dies after a reign of more than 30 years and is succeeded by his brother, Ngawang Namgyal.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1323795843#January–March", "title": "1512", "revid": 1323795843, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1578, "year_label": "1578 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Sonam Gyrso receives from Prince Atlan Khan the title of Talaï, and becomes the third Dalai Lama of Tibet.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1356931160#Date_unknown", "title": "1578", "revid": 1356931160, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1582, "year_label": "1582 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The temple complex of Kumbum is founded in Tibet.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373325265#Date_unknown", "title": "1582", "revid": 1373325265, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1616, "year_label": "1616 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "Ngawang Namgyal arrives in Bhutan, having escaped Tibet.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366307823#Date_unknown", "title": "1616", "revid": 1366307823, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1620, "year_label": "1620 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March 22", "text": "March 22 – King Karma Phuntsok Namgyal of Tibet dies of smallpox after a reign of less than two years, after Ngawang Namgyal of Bhutan casts a tantric spell over him.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363705489#January–March", "title": "1620", "revid": 1363705489, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1624, "year_label": "1624 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "August", "text": "August – Portuguese Jesuit priest António de Andrade becomes the first European to enter Tibet, arriving at Tsaparang.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331350573#July–September", "title": "1624", "revid": 1331350573, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1697, "year_label": "1697 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 8", "text": "December 8 – Tsangyang Gyatso is installed in Tibet as the 6th Dalai Lama in a ceremony at Lhasa, filling a vacancy that had existed since 1682.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355431044#October–December", "title": "1697", "revid": 1355431044, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1706, "year_label": "1706 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "June 11", "text": "June 11 – In Tibet, Lha-bzang Khan, khan of the Khoshut, kills the regent and kidnaps the 6th Dalai Lama, Tsangyang Gyatso, and kills the Lama's regent.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351890964#April–June", "title": "1706", "revid": 1351890964, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1716, "year_label": "1716 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 18", "text": "March 18 – Italian Jesuit missionary Ippolito Desideri arrives in Lhasa to become one of the first Europeans to attempt to bring Christianity to Buddhist Tibet.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360559357#January–March", "title": "1716", "revid": 1360559357, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1718, "year_label": "1718 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September", "text": "September – In Tibet, forces of the Tibetan Dzungar Khanate destroys an advancing expedition of the Chinese Imperial Army, under the command of General Erentei, in the Battle of the Salween River.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350255401#July–September", "title": "1718", "revid": 1350255401, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1750, "year_label": "1750 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "November 11", "text": "November 11 – A riot breaks out in Lhasa after the murder of the regent of Tibet.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349828876#October–December", "title": "1750", "revid": 1349828876, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1751, "year_label": "1751 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 18", "text": "January 18 – In the aftermath of the Lhasa riot of 1750, Chinese General Ban Di arrives at the capital of Tibet on behalf of the Qianlong Emperor and the seven imprisoned leaders of the rebellion are turned over to his custody by the 7th Dalai Lama, Keizang Gyatzo. General Ban Di guides the interrogation under torture of rebel leader Lobsang Trashi and, after five days orders the beheading and dismemberment of the seven rebels.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351037611#January–March", "title": "1751", "revid": 1351037611, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1844, "year_label": "1844 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": null, "text": "In Tibet, the Temple of Guardians burns down.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372570203#Date_unknown", "title": "1844", "revid": 1372570203, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1855, "year_label": "1855 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 3", "text": "April 3 – The Nepalese invasion of Tibet (west of China) to the north across the Himalaya Mountains (tallest and most rugged in the world) starts the Nepalese–Tibetan War (1855–1856).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358982600#April–June", "title": "1855", "revid": 1358982600, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1904, "year_label": "1904 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "August 3", "text": "August 3 – British expedition to Tibet: The British expedition under Colonel Francis Younghusband takes Lhasa, Tibet.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373337754#August", "title": "1904", "revid": 1373337754, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1904, "year_label": "1904 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 31", "text": "March 31 – British expedition to Tibet: The Battle of Guru – British troops under Colonel Francis Younghusband defeat ill-equipped Tibetan troops.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373337754#March", "title": "1904", "revid": 1373337754, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1952, "year_label": "1952 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "August 18", "text": "August 18 – A 7.5 earthquake shakes the Tibet region leaving a balance of 54 fatalities.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373187098#July–August", "title": "1952", "revid": 1373187098, "section": "Events › July–August"}}, {"year": 1959, "year_label": "1959 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "March 17", "text": "March 17 – Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama escapes Tibet and arrives in India.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370221732#March", "title": "1959", "revid": 1370221732, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1959, "year_label": "1959 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 28", "text": "March 28 – The Kashag, the government of Tibet, is abolished by an order signed by Chinese premier Zhou Enlai. The Dalai Lama is replaced in China by the Panchen Lama.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370221732#March", "title": "1959", "revid": 1370221732, "section": "Events › March"}}]}