{"slug": "torah", "label": "Torah", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torah", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34990", "qid": "Q34990", "description": "first five books of the Hebrew Bible", "entries": 8, "years": 8, "span": [-1279, 1523], "span_label": ["1280 BCE", "1523 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 3}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 3}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Pentateuch"], "related": [{"slug": "jews", "label": "Jews", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "hebrew-language", "label": "Hebrew language", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "egypt", "label": "Egypt", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "roman-empire", "label": "Roman Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "judaea-roman-province", "label": "Judaea (Roman province)", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "roman-triumph", "label": "Roman triumph", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "domitian", "label": "Domitian", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "titus", "label": "Titus", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "roman-forum", "label": "Roman Forum", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "zealots", "label": "Zealots", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "bologna", "label": "Bologna", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "hebrew-calendar", "label": "Hebrew calendar", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -1279, "year_label": "1280 BCE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "c. 1280 BC—The Torah is believed to have been fully composed around this time. (Assuming the Exodus from Egypt took place c. 1450 BCE)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1296708831#Events_and_trends", "title": "1280s BC", "revid": 1296708831, "section": "Events and trends"}}, {"year": 50, "year_label": "50 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "In Judaea, a Roman soldier seizes and burns a Torah scroll. Procurator Cumanus has the culprit beheaded, calming down local Jews and delaying for almost two decades the outbreak of their revolt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373339620#Palestine", "title": "50s", "revid": 1373339620, "section": "Events › 50 AD › Palestine"}}, {"year": 71, "year_label": "71 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Titus is awarded with a triumph, accompanied by Vespasian and his brother Titus Flavius Domitian. In the parade are Jewish prisoners and treasures of the Temple of Jerusalem, including the Menorah and the Pentateuch. The leader of the Zealots, Simon Bar Giora, is lashed and strangled in the Forum.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371185937#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 71", "revid": 1371185937, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 131, "year_label": "131 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "The Edict of Hadrian prohibits the practice of circumcision. Additionally, Hadrian prohibits public reading of the Torah under penalty of death, as well as observance of festivals and the Sabbath, the teaching of Judaic Law, and the ordination of rabbis.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325705088#Religion", "title": "AD 131", "revid": 1325705088, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1475, "year_label": "1475 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Rashi's commentary on the Torah is the first dated book to be printed in Hebrew, in Reggio di Calabria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369334832#Date_unknown", "title": "1475", "revid": 1369334832, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1482, "year_label": "1482 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 25", "text": "January 25 – (5 Adar 5242) The first printing of the Torah by movable type, in the original Hebrew language, is made in Bologna, marking the first use of the Hebrew alphabet rather than the Roman alphabet in printing.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368493356#January–March", "title": "1482", "revid": 1368493356, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1492, "year_label": "1492 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 23", "text": "January 23 – The Soncino Bible, which includes the Pentateuch, Song of Songs, Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes, and Esther is printed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366150846#January—March", "title": "1492", "revid": 1366150846, "section": "Events › January—March"}}, {"year": 1523, "year_label": "1523 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "c. July – Martin Luther's translation of the Pentateuch into German (Das allte Testament Deutsch) is published by Melchior Lotter Jr. in Wittenberg.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561167#July–September", "title": "1523", "revid": 1369561167, "section": "Events › July–September"}}]}