{"slug": "tours", "label": "Tours", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288", "qid": "Q288", "description": "city and commune in Indre-et-Loire, Centre-Val de Loire, France", "entries": 14, "years": 14, "span": [589, 1955], "span_label": ["589 CE", "1955 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 6}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 3}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "henry-ii-of-england", "label": "Henry II of England", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-england", "label": "Kingdom of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "philip-ii-of-france", "label": "Philip II of France", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "richard-i-of-england", "label": "Richard I of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "franks", "label": "Franks", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "gaul", "label": "Gaul", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "monastery", "label": "Monastery", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "nantes", "label": "Nantes", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "francia", "label": "Francia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "september", "label": "September", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "orleans", "label": "Orléans", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "loire", "label": "Loire", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 589, "year_label": "589 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "King Childebert II attempts to impose taxes on the citizens of Tours; Bishop Gregory successfully opposes this by claiming state immunity instituted by Fredegund.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366654394#Europe", "title": "589", "revid": 1366654394, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 592, "year_label": "592 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Gregory, bishop of Tours, completes his Historia Francorum (\"History of the Franks\").", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364754934#Literature", "title": "592", "revid": 1364754934, "section": "Events › By topic › Literature"}}, {"year": 732, "year_label": "732 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "September", "text": "September – Charles Martel leads his Frankish army (30,000 men) to Orléans and crosses the Loire River, probably accompanied by Eudes of Aquitaine, with his remaining troops. He makes camp near Tours, probably at Ballan-Miré south-west of the fortress city, in order to protect the abbey of Saint Martin. Charles defeats or forces back Umayyad scouts or an advance guard, between the rivers Indre and Creuse. Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi pulls back to establish a position at the Vienne River.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340808703#Europe", "title": "732", "revid": 1340808703, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 796, "year_label": "796 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Alcuin, Anglo-Saxon monk and scholar, is appointed as abbot by Charlemagne, who puts him in charge of leading Marmoutier Abbey in Tours.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364907018#Religion", "title": "796", "revid": 1364907018, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 853, "year_label": "853 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Viking marauders in Gaul sail eastward from Nantes without opposition, and reach Tours. The monasteries at Saint-Florent-le-Vieil and Marmoutier are ravaged.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267072185#Europe", "title": "853", "revid": 1267072185, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 867, "year_label": "867 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August", "text": "August – Treaty of Compiègne: King Charles the Bald cedes the Cotentin Peninsula to Salomon, duke ('king') of Brittany, after he had sent his son-in-law Pascweten to negotiate a peace. Charles orders the fortification of the cities of Tours, Le Mans and Compiègne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366655299#Europe", "title": "867", "revid": 1366655299, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1044, "year_label": "1044 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Geoffrey II (\"the Hammer\"), count of Anjou, captures the city of Tours, and takes control of the county of Touraine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350130068#Europe", "title": "1044", "revid": 1350130068, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1189, "year_label": "1189 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 6", "text": "July 6 – King Henry II of England (\"Curtmantle\") dies at the Château de Chinon, near Tours, after doing homage to Philip II (Augustus), and surrendering the territories around Issoudun in the Centre-Val de Loire. He ends the hostilities against Philip, by agreeing to the peace terms and pays him 20,000 marks in tribute. Henry is succeeded by his son, Richard I (\"the Lionheart\"), as ruler of England and his remaining territories in France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362168718#Continental_Europe", "title": "1189", "revid": 1362168718, "section": "Events › By place › Continental Europe"}}, {"year": 1191, "year_label": "1191 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "September", "text": "September – Geoffrey, illegitimate son of the late King Henry II and half-brother to Richard I and John, lands secretly at Dover. He has been consecrated as the new archbishop of York while in Tours, and on his return is arrested by William de Longchamp. Citing the Winchester treaty, John seeks a meeting with William. Geoffrey is freed, William flees and heads to Dover Castle.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362170549#England", "title": "1191", "revid": 1362170549, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1391, "year_label": "1391 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 25", "text": "December 25 – Jean II Le Maingre is named as the Marshal of France by King Charles V in a ceremony at the cathedral of St. Martin at Tours. Lalande, Denis, Jean II le Meingre, dit Boucicaut: (1366–1421) - étude d'une biographie héroïque, Genève 1988.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365430899#October–December", "title": "1391", "revid": 1365430899, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1418, "year_label": "1418 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 28", "text": "December 28 – The Dauphin Charles, crown prince of France, reclaims the city of Tours from the Burgundians after a month-long siege.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357024356#October–December", "title": "1418", "revid": 1357024356, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1436, "year_label": "1436 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 25", "text": "June 25 – Scottish princess Margaret Stewart marries the future French king Louis XI in Tours.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351320639#April–July", "title": "1436", "revid": 1351320639, "section": "Events › April–July"}}, {"year": 1576, "year_label": "1576 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 5", "text": "February 5 – King Henry of Navarre, captive in France since 1572 and alive only because he converted to Catholicism, escapes to Tours and formally reverts to the Protestant faith.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362635528#January–March", "title": "1576", "revid": 1362635528, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1955, "year_label": "1955 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 28", "text": "July 28 – The first Interlingua Congress is held in Tours, France, leading to the foundation of the Union Mundial pro Interlingua.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371173508#July", "title": "1955", "revid": 1371173508, "section": "Events › July"}}]}