{"slug": "trabzon", "label": "Trabzon", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trabzon", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45301", "qid": "Q45301", "description": "city in Turkey", "entries": 7, "years": 7, "span": [-755, 1287], "span_label": ["756 BCE", "1287 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 6}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "turkey", "label": "Turkey", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "constantinople", "label": "Constantinople", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "pontus-region", "label": "Pontus (region)", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "chalcedon", "label": "Chalcedon", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "asia-minor", "label": "Asia Minor", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "sassanid-empire", "label": "Sassanid Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "byzantine-army", "label": "Byzantine army", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "heraclius", "label": "Heraclius", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "byzantinesassanid-war-of-602628", "label": "Byzantine–Sassanid War of 602–628", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "heraclius-constantine", "label": "Heraclius Constantine", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "cappadocia", "label": "Cappadocia", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -755, "year_label": "756 BCE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "c. 756 BC—Founding of Trabzon.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368385928#Events_and_trends", "title": "750s BC", "revid": 1368385928, "section": "Events and trends"}}, {"year": -400, "year_label": "401 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Greek mercenaries fighting for Cyrus are left stranded after Cyrus' defeat. They fight their way north through hostile Persians, Armenians, and Kurds to Trapezus on the coast of the Black Sea under Xenophon, who becomes their leader when the satrap of Lydia, Tissaphernes, has Clearchus of Sparta and the other senior Greek captains captured and executed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1242237123#Greece", "title": "401 BC", "revid": 1242237123, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": 258, "year_label": "258 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Goths ravage Asia Minor and Trapezus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368343947#Roman_Empire", "title": "258", "revid": 1368343947, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 623, "year_label": "623 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Byzantine–Sassanid War: Emperor Heraclius invades Armenia, leaving his son Constantine (age 11) and co-regent Bonus to defend Constantinople against the Persians still at Chalcedon (modern Turkey). He sails with 5,000 reinforcements to join the Byzantine army at Trapezus. Raising additional forces in Pontus, Heraclius strikes through the mountains of Armenia and the northern sub-Caucasian principalities. He plunders Media (Azerbaijan), and avoids the Persian armies who attempt to trap him.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364763007#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "623", "revid": 1364763007, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 625, "year_label": "625 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Sarus: Heraclius is victorious in a Byzantine assault river crossing. The reinforced Persians under Shahrbaraz are defeated along the Sarus River, near Adana (modern Turkey). Heraclius recaptures Cappadocia and Pontus, and returns to Trapezus to spend the winter. Shahrbaraz retreats in good order, and is able to continue his advance through Asia Minor towards Constantinople.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340803472#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "625", "revid": 1340803472, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 626, "year_label": "626 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Byzantine–Persian War: Heraclius, his army reduced by campaigning to less than 30,000 men, is on the defensive in Pontus. Apparently he leaves a strong Byzantine garrison in Trapezus, and withdraws north-eastward along the Black Sea into Colchis, where he halts the Persians by aggressive defensive-offensive operations along the Phasis River. By attracting the Persian army under Shahin Vahmanzadegan in Anatolia, he provides Theodore with the opportunity to defeat them. By the end of the summer he threatens the communication of the Persians at Chalcedon (modern Turkey).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352126742#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "626", "revid": 1352126742, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1287, "year_label": "1287 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Arghun Khan, Mongol ruler of the Ilkhanate, sends an embassy under Rabban Bar Sauma with the mission of contracting a military alliance against the Mamluk Sultanate and take the city of Jerusalem. He travels with a large retinue (bearing gifts and letters) and 30 riding animals from Tabriz through Armenia to Trebizond. Bar Sauma arrives in Constantinople and receives an audience with Emperor Andronikos II (Palaiologos).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361694581#Middle_East", "title": "1287", "revid": 1361694581, "section": "Events › By place › Middle East"}}]}