{"slug": "transoxiana", "label": "Transoxiana", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transoxiana", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183324", "qid": "Q183324", "description": "Ancient name used for the portion of Central Asia", "entries": 17, "years": 17, "span": [150, 1409], "span_label": ["150 CE", "1409 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 5}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 5}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 5}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "greater-khorasan", "label": "Greater Khorasan", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "umayyad-caliphate", "label": "Umayyad Caliphate", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "iran", "label": "Iran", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "turgesh", "label": "Turgesh", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "central-asia", "label": "Central Asia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "silk-road", "label": "Silk Road", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "sassanid-empire", "label": "Sassanid Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "samarkand", "label": "Samarkand", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "afghanistan", "label": "Afghanistan", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "damascus", "label": "Damascus", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pakistan", "label": "Pakistan", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 150, "year_label": "150 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Paper, made in China, arrives in Transoxiana.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373077197#Art_and_science", "title": "AD 150", "revid": 1373077197, "section": "Events › By topic › Art and science"}}, {"year": 440, "year_label": "440 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Hephthalites (White Huns) move south from the Altai Mountains region into Transoxiana, Bactria, Khorasan and eastern Persia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364748079#Persia", "title": "440", "revid": 1364748079, "section": "Events › By place › Persia"}}, {"year": 655, "year_label": "655 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Arab armies conquer Khurasan (Iran), and the Silk Road along Transoxiana (Central Asia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367636681#Asia", "title": "655", "revid": 1367636681, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 662, "year_label": "662 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Muslim Conquest: Arab forces of the Umayyad Caliphate resume the push to capture Persian lands, and begin to move towards the lands east and north of the plateau, towards Greater Khorasan (Iran) and the Silk Road along Transoxiana.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340805159#Arab_Empire", "title": "662", "revid": 1340805159, "section": "Events › By place › Arab Empire"}}, {"year": 698, "year_label": "698 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Qapaghan Qaghan conquers parts of Transoxiana (Central Asia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340806584#Asia", "title": "698", "revid": 1340806584, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 715, "year_label": "715 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 23", "text": "February 23 – Caliph Al-Walid I dies at Damascus after a 10-year reign, and is succeeded by his brother Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik. During his rule the Umayyad Caliphate reaches its greatest height, with successful campaigns undertaken in Transoxiana (Central Asia), Sindh (Pakistan), Hispania and against the Byzantine Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367661130#Arabian_Empire", "title": "715", "revid": 1367661130, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 720, "year_label": "720 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Umayyad conquest of Transoxiana: The first Turgesh attack on Muslim-Arabs in Transoxiana leads to the siege and relief of the Umayyad garrison at the fortress of Qasr al-Bahili, near Samarkand (or 721).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349994139#Arabian_Empire", "title": "720", "revid": 1349994139, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 729, "year_label": "729 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Baykand: The Umayyad Arabs narrowly escape disaster when cut off from water by the Turgesh, and push through to reach Bukhara in Transoxiana.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340808680#Asia", "title": "729", "revid": 1340808680, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 737, "year_label": "737 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 30", "text": "September 30 – Battle of the Baggage: The Turgesh drive back an Umayyad invasion of Khuttal, pursue them south of the River Oxus (northern Afghanistan), and capture their baggage train. In the winter, the Turgesh and their Transoxianan allies launch a major counter-invasion but are halted and their army is destroyed. Khuttal is then conquered by the Arabs.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340809689#Asia", "title": "AD 737", "revid": 1340809689, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 892, "year_label": "892 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Summer – The Persian nobility installs Isma'il ibn Ahmad, the former governor of Transoxiana, as ruler (emir) of the Samanid Empire, after the death of his brother Nasr I.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346093317#Arabian_Empire", "title": "892", "revid": 1346093317, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 900, "year_label": "900 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Forces under the Transoxianian emir Isma'il ibn Ahmad are victorious at Balkh (Northern Afghanistan) over Amr ibn al-Layth; the latter is captured and sent to Caliph Al-Mu'tadid in Baghdad. The Samanid Dynasty rules over Khorasan, as well as Transoxiana. A few months later, the Samanids conquer the Zaydid emirate of Tabaristan. This victory marks the beginning of the dispersion of the local Shi'ites by the new Sunni power.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364042634#Abbasid_Caliphate", "title": "900", "revid": 1364042634, "section": "Events › By place › Abbasid Caliphate"}}, {"year": 1023, "year_label": "1023 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Ghaznavid Empire occupies Transoxiana (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342213204#Asia", "title": "1023", "revid": 1342213204, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1068, "year_label": "1068 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Böritigin, ruler of Transoxiana (Kara-Khanid Khanate)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372127712#Deaths", "title": "1068", "revid": 1372127712, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1072, "year_label": "1072 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 15", "text": "December 15 – Sultan Alp Arslan (\"Heroic Lion\") dies after a 9-year reign, during his campaign in Transoxiana. He is succeeded by his 17-year-old son Malik-Shah I, who is declared new ruler of the Seljuk Empire. Qavurt, a brother of Alp Arslan, claims the Seljuk throne for himself and occupies the capital of Isfahan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332932811#Seljuk_Empire", "title": "1072", "revid": 1332932811, "section": "Events › By place › Seljuk Empire"}}, {"year": 1219, "year_label": "1219 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "The windmill is first introduced to China, with the travels of Yelü Chucai to Transoxiana.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1345005371#Technology", "title": "1219", "revid": 1345005371, "section": "Events › By topic › Technology"}}, {"year": 1403, "year_label": "1403 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March 13", "text": "March 13 – Muhammad Sultan Mirza, the favorite grandson and heir to the throne of the Emperor Tamerlane, Emperor of Transoxiana (comprising modern Afghanistan and parts of Iran, Tadzikstan and Kazakhstan), dies from injuries sustained in the Battle of Ankara.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371593649#January–March", "title": "1403", "revid": 1371593649, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1409, "year_label": "1409 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 13", "text": "May 13 – The Timurid War of Succession comes to an end as Khalil Sultan surrenders Samarkand to Shah Rukh, ruler of the Timurid Empire since 1405. Shah Rukh installs his son Ulugh Beg as Governor of Transoxiana. Shah Rukh then appoints Khalil as Governor of Shahr-e Rey in modern-day Iran.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361998092#April–June", "title": "1409", "revid": 1361998092, "section": "Events › April–June"}}]}