{"slug": "tripoli-lebanon", "label": "Tripoli, Lebanon", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripoli%2C_Lebanon", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168954", "qid": "Q168954", "description": "city in northern Lebanon", "entries": 15, "years": 15, "span": [-311, 1873], "span_label": ["312 BCE", "1873 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 12}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "raymond-iv-of-toulouse", "label": "Raymond IV of Toulouse", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "lebanon", "label": "Lebanon", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "alexios-i-komnenos", "label": "Alexios I Komnenos", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "damascus", "label": "Damascus", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "sidon", "label": "Sidon", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "tiberias", "label": "Tiberias", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "county-of-tripoli", "label": "County of Tripoli", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "knights-hospitaller", "label": "Knights Hospitaller", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-cyprus", "label": "Kingdom of Cyprus", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "constantinople", "label": "Constantinople", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "may", "label": "May", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "june", "label": "June", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -311, "year_label": "312 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Demetrius rallies the remnants of his army at Tripolis and summons reinforcements from the garrisons of upper Syria and Cilicia; he also writes his father, Antigonus, and urges him to send help. Meanwhile Ptolemy captures Acre, Joppa, Samaria and Sidon, and starts to besiege Tyre.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172925#Syria/Mesopotamia/Babylonia", "title": "312 BC", "revid": 1354172925, "section": "Events › By place › Syria/Mesopotamia/Babylonia"}}, {"year": 975, "year_label": "975 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Arab–Byzantine War: Emperor John I raids Mesopotamia and invades Syria, using the Byzantine base at Antioch to press southwards to Tripoli. He conquers the cities of Baalbek, Damascus, Sidon, Tiberias and Caesarea, but fails to take Jerusalem.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341513424#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "975", "revid": 1341513424, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1099, "year_label": "1099 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 14", "text": "February 14 – The Crusaders under Raymond IV besiege the fortified town of Akkar – whose garrison is loyal to Jalal al-Mulk Abu'l-Hasan, emir of Tripoli (modern Lebanon). On May 13 after a 3-month siege the investment of Akkar is raised and Raymond orders the camp to be struck. The Crusader host, finally joined by the forces of Godfrey of Bouillon and Robert II, resumes his march southwards to Tripoli.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365265715#First_Crusade", "title": "1099", "revid": 1365265715, "section": "Events › By place › First Crusade"}}, {"year": 1100, "year_label": "1100 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "May", "text": "May or June – Count Raymond IV of Toulouse (Saint-Gilles) sails to Constantinople to obtain the support of Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos in his attempt to seize Tripoli.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365265768#Levant", "title": "1100", "revid": 1365265768, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1102, "year_label": "1102 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Siege of Tripoli: The Crusaders under Raymond IV begin the siege of Tripoli (modern Lebanon). The garrison calls for assistance, but a Seljuk relief army from Damascus and Homs is defeated by Raymond.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365265899#Levant", "title": "1102", "revid": 1365265899, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1103, "year_label": "1103 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Crusaders under Raymond IV invade the Beqaa Valley and capture Tortosa to isolate Tripoli. Raymond expands towards the Orontes River, and begins to build a castle on the Mons Peregrinus which helps in the Siege of Tripoli (see 1102). Emperor Alexios I supports the Crusaders by sending a Byzantine fleet (ten ships) to blockade the port of Tripoli.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365265973#Levant", "title": "1103", "revid": 1365265973, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1105, "year_label": "1105 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 28", "text": "February 28 – Raymond IV dies at his castle of Mons Peregrinus (\"Pilgrim's Mountain\") near Tripoli. Raymond leaves his 2-year-old son Alfonso I by his third wife, Elvira of Castile, to rule the County of Tripoli. Raymond's nephew William-Jordan, count of Cerdagne, becomes regent over Alfonso. Bertrand, the eldest son of Raymond, inherits the title 'Count of Toulouse'.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365268232#Levant", "title": "1105", "revid": 1365268232, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1109, "year_label": "1109 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 12", "text": "July 12 – Siege of Tripoli: After a 7-year siege (supported by the Genoese fleet), Tripoli falls to the Crusaders. Fakhr al-Mulk ibn Ammar, qadi of Tripoli, submits to Bertrand of Toulouse (the eldest son of Raymond IV). He establishes the County of Tripoli, the fourth Crusader state in the Middle East. Raymond's nephew William II Jordan dies of an arrow wound sustained during the siege, leaving Bertrand as its sole ruler.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367315946#Levant", "title": "1109", "revid": 1367315946, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1187, "year_label": "1187 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 29", "text": "April 29 – A delegation under Balian of Ibelin is sent to Tiberias, to reconcile with Raymond III, prince of Galilee. After Easter, a second delegation (supported by the Knights Templar and Knights Hospitaller) is sent to Tripoli, but the situation remains unchanged.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369187098#Levant", "title": "1187", "revid": 1369187098, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1188, "year_label": "1188 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 14", "text": "May 14 – Saladin begins a campaign and marches north but finds Tripoli too strong to be besieged. He decides to take other Crusader fortifications and signs an 8-month truce with Prince Bohemond III of Antioch.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325547787#Levant", "title": "1188", "revid": 1325547787, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1266, "year_label": "1266 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 28", "text": "October 28 – A Crusader advance guard is ambushed by the Egyptian garrison of Safed, while local Arabs attack the Crusader camp. The 13-year-old Hugh II, ruler of Cyprus, is advised to retire and withdraw with heavy losses. Meanwhile, Baibars campaigns in Galilee and leads a lightning raid to Tripoli.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351320651#Levant", "title": "1266", "revid": 1351320651, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1271, "year_label": "1271 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 8", "text": "April 8 – Siege of Krak des Chevaliers: Mamluk forces under Baibars capture the strategically important castle Krak des Chevaliers from the Knights Hospitaller. During the siege the defenders receive a letter, supposedly from Grand Master Hugues de Revel, to surrender the castle. Under safe-conduct the Hospitallers retreat to Tripoli.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351320596#Levant", "title": "1271", "revid": 1351320596, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1289, "year_label": "1289 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March", "text": "March – The 19-year-old King Henry II sends his younger brother Almalric, with a company of knights and 4 galleys to Tripoli (modern Lebanon). Meanwhile, many non-combatant citizens flee to Cyprus. The Mamluk army arrives before Tripoli and begins the attack with siege engines, while building buches (wooden defensive structures) outside the city on March 25.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332007955#Levant", "title": "1289", "revid": 1332007955, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1302, "year_label": "1302 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 3", "text": "September 3 (1 Muharram 702 AH) – At the start of the new Muslim year 702 AH, Mamluk Sultan Al-Nasir Muhammad sends a fleet of 20 galleys) to Tripoli of Lebanon, where Mamluk forces led by Kahardash al-Zarraq al-Mansuri, begin a blockade and siege.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362151248#July–September", "title": "1302", "revid": 1362151248, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1873, "year_label": "1873 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 28", "text": "May 28 – C. Laan brings order to the chaos created by the dockworker riots of Tripoli, Lebanon.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370305657#May", "title": "1873", "revid": 1370305657, "section": "Events › May"}}]}