{"slug": "tripoli-libya", "label": "Tripoli, Libya", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripoli%2C_Libya", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3579", "qid": "Q3579", "description": "capital city of Libya", "entries": 18, "years": 18, "span": [643, 2020], "span_label": ["643 CE", "2020 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 12}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "berbers", "label": "Berbers", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "algeria", "label": "Algeria", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "north-africa", "label": "North Africa", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "libya", "label": "Libya", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kairouan", "label": "Kairouan", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "carthage", "label": "Carthage", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "umayyad-caliphate", "label": "Umayyad Caliphate", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mediterranean-sea", "label": "Mediterranean Sea", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "byzantine", "label": "Byzantine", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ottoman-empire", "label": "Ottoman Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "abbasid-caliphate", "label": "Abbasid Caliphate", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 643, "year_label": "643 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Arab–Byzantine War: Arab armies continue their military expansion into North Africa and lay siege to Tripoli. The city is captured after one month.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340804491#Africa", "title": "643", "revid": 1340804491, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 682, "year_label": "682 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "At about this time, Muslim Umayyad Caliphate forces led by Uqba ibn Nafi overrun the south coast of the Mediterranean Sea. He occupies the cities of Tripoli and Carthage, the last Byzantine bases in Africa. In 682 or 683 the Umayyads are ambushed at the Battle of Vescera near Biskra (modern Algeria) by Romano-Berbers of King Caecilius and their Byzantine allies from the Exarchate of Carthage. Uqba ibn Nafi is killed and his army evacuates the city of Kairouan in Tunisia and withdraws to Barca.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347973674#Africa", "title": "682", "revid": 1347973674, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 757, "year_label": "757 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Warfajuma Berbers and their Sufrite allies sweep up from southern Tunisia and capture Kairouan, killing Emir Habib Al-Fihri and putting an end to the Fihrid dynasty. In the meantime, the Ibadites that Ibn Habib had driven out of Tripoli return, rallied by their imam Abu al-Khattab al-Ma'afiri in Jebel Nefusa, the Ibadites recapture Tripoli.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341678247#Africa", "title": "AD 757", "revid": 1341678247, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 913, "year_label": "913 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Caliph Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah of the Fatimid Caliphate replaces the unpopular governor Ibn Abi Khinzir with Ali ibn Umar al-Balawi. But the Sicilian lords find this unacceptable and decide to declare independence of Sicily. They acknowledge allegiance to the Abbasid caliph Al-Muqtadir and acclaim an Aghlabid prince, Ahmed ibn Khorob, as emir of Sicily. The Sicilians re-launch their conquest of Byzantine Calabria, while Ahmed ibn Khorob in Sicily leads a successful assault against the North African cities of Sfax and Tripoli.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267070619#Arabian_Empire", "title": "913", "revid": 1267070619, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 1001, "year_label": "1001 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Khazrun ben Falful, from the Maghrawa family Banu Khazrun, begins ruling Tripoli, on the African continent.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341910152#Africa", "title": "1001", "revid": 1341910152, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 1142, "year_label": "1142 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "A Norman raid against the city of Tripoli fails.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362174122#Africa", "title": "1142", "revid": 1362174122, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 1146, "year_label": "1146 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – King Roger II launches a full scale invasion into North Africa, seizing lands from Emir Abu'l-Hasan al-Hasan ibn Ali in what is now parts of Algeria, Tunisia and Libya – thereby opening up more of the mercantile wealth of the Muslim world to Sicilian merchants. On June 18, George of Antioch conquers Tripoli and establishes more Sicilian authority.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369184470#Africa", "title": "1146", "revid": 1369184470, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 1530, "year_label": "1530 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "March 23", "text": "March 23 – The Tribute of the Maltese Falcon, an agreement by the Grand Master of the Order of St John of Jerusalem to pay an annual tribute to the Charles V, King of Sicily, in return for an order granting the Knights full rulership of Tripoli and the islands of Malta and Gozo, is reached. The transfer of ownership takes place on October 26, 1550, although Tripoli is conquered by the Ottomans on August 15, 1551.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366794362#January–March", "title": "1530", "revid": 1366794362, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1551, "year_label": "1551 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 15", "text": "August 15 – The Siege of Tripoli ends, with the Knights of Malta surrendering Tripoli to the Ottoman Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352783865#July–September", "title": "1551", "revid": 1352783865, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1796, "year_label": "1796 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 4", "text": "November 4 – The Treaty of Tripoli (between the United States and Tripoli) is signed at Tripoli (see also 1797).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368676893#October–December", "title": "1796", "revid": 1368676893, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1797, "year_label": "1797 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "October 21", "text": "October 21 – In Boston Harbor, the 44-gun United States Navy frigate is launched to fight Barbary pirates off the coast of Tripoli; the ship will remain in commission in the 21st century.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368310974#October–December", "title": "1797", "revid": 1368310974, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1801, "year_label": "1801 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 1", "text": "August 1 – First Barbary War: Action of 1 August 1801 – United States Navy schooner captures the 14-gun Tripolitan corsair polacca Tripoli off the north African coast, in a single-ship action.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370397745#July–September", "title": "1801", "revid": 1370397745, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1804, "year_label": "1804 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 16", "text": "February 16 – First Barbary War: Stephen Decatur leads a raid to burn the pirate-held frigate at Tripoli to deny her further use by the captors.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369393739#January–March", "title": "1804", "revid": 1369393739, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1805, "year_label": "1805 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 27", "text": "April 27 – Battle of Derne: United States Marines and Berbers attack the Tripolitan city of Derna (the Shores of Tripoli).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357161554#April–June", "title": "1805", "revid": 1357161554, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1986, "year_label": "1986 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "April 15", "text": "April 15 – Operation El Dorado Canyon: At least 15 people die after United States planes bomb targets in the Libyan capital, Tripoli, and the Benghazi region.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373510075#April", "title": "1986", "revid": 1373510075, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 2007, "year_label": "2007 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "July 24", "text": "July 24 – Five Bulgarian nurses are released from Libyan prison after eight and a half years spent behind bars in Benghazi and Tripoli, marking the end of the so-called \"HIV trial in Libya\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370930640#July", "title": "2007", "revid": 1370930640, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 2019, "year_label": "2019 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 4", "text": "April 4 – Second Libyan Civil War: The Libyan National Army (LNA) launches a surprise offensive in western Libya, moving units towards the Government of National Accord-held capital Tripoli and capturing Gharyan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373255188#April", "title": "2019", "revid": 1373255188, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 2020, "year_label": "2020 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 4", "text": "June 4 – Libya's Government of National Accord (GNA) says they are in full control of the capital, Tripoli, after forces of the Libyan National Army (LNA) retreat from the territory following months of intense fighting in the city.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371633312#June", "title": "2020", "revid": 1371633312, "section": "Events › June"}}]}