{"slug": "u-boat", "label": "U-boat", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-boat", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428661", "qid": "Q428661", "description": "German submarine of the First or Second World War", "entries": 18, "years": 8, "span": [1914, 1943], "span_label": ["1914 CE", "1943 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 13}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 2}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "royal-navy", "label": "Royal Navy", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "scotland", "label": "Scotland", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "isle-of-man", "label": "Isle of Man", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "iceland", "label": "Iceland", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "united-states-navy", "label": "United States Navy", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "german-empire", "label": "German Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "liverpool", "label": "Liverpool", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "nazi-germany", "label": "Nazi Germany", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1914, "year_label": "1914 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "August 9", "text": "August 9 – World War I: British Royal Navy light cruiser HMS Birmingham rams and sinks German submarine U-15 off Fair Isle, the first U-boat lost in action.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373518346#August", "title": "1914", "revid": 1373518346, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1915, "year_label": "1915 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – WWI: British Royal Navy battleship HMS Formidable is sunk off Lyme Regis, England, by an Imperial German Navy U-boat, with the loss of 547 crew.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373518749#January", "title": "1915", "revid": 1373518749, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1915, "year_label": "1915 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "March 11", "text": "March 11 – WWI: British armed merchantman is sunk in the North Channel off the coast of Scotland by Imperial German Navy U-boat SM U-27. Around 200 crew are lost, a number of bodies being washed up on the Isle of Man, with only 26 saved.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373518749#March", "title": "1915", "revid": 1373518749, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1915, "year_label": "1915 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "May", "text": "Sinking of the RMS Lusitania: 's main rival, the British ocean liner , is sunk by Imperial German Navy U-boat U-20 off the south-west coast of Ireland, killing 1,199 civilians en route from New York City to Liverpool. The best-known of the celebrities on board is American sportsman Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373518749#May", "title": "1915", "revid": 1373518749, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1917, "year_label": "1917 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 1", "text": "February 1 – WWI: Atlantic U-boat Campaign: Germany announces its U-boats will resume unrestricted submarine warfare, rescinding the Sussex Pledge'.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373519608#February", "title": "1917", "revid": 1373519608, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1918, "year_label": "1918 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 20", "text": "November 20 – U-boats start to rendezvous off Harwich, to begin the surrender of the High Seas Fleet to the British Royal Navy; in the following week the German warships are escorted to internment in Scapa Flow.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373520023#November", "title": "1918", "revid": 1373520023, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1940, "year_label": "1940 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "November 2", "text": "November 2 – German submarine U-69 is commissioned, the first Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, which will become its most numerous class, with 568 commissioned during the War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368818987#November", "title": "1940", "revid": 1368818987, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1941, "year_label": "1941 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "October 31", "text": "October 31 – WWII: Destroyer , on convoy escort, is accidentally torpedoed by a German U-boat near Iceland, killing more than 100 United States Navy sailors.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372706275#October", "title": "1941", "revid": 1372706275, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1942, "year_label": "1942 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "December 28", "text": "December 28 – North Atlantic Convoy ON 154 is heavily attacked by U-boats, sinking 13 ships.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372873908#December", "title": "1942", "revid": 1372873908, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1942, "year_label": "1942 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "February 1", "text": "February 1 – WWII: The Kriegsmarine introduces the M4 (German Navy 4-rotor) Enigma machine for U-boat traffic, blinding Allied cryptanalysts to their radio signals for most of the year.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372873908#February", "title": "1942", "revid": 1372873908, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1942, "year_label": "1942 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "July 13", "text": "July 13 – WWII: U-boats sink three merchant ships in the Gulf of St. Lawrence.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372873908#July", "title": "1942", "revid": 1372873908, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1942, "year_label": "1942 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 19", "text": "July 19 – WWII: Battle of the Atlantic: German Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz orders the last U-boats to withdraw from there the United States Atlantic coast positions, in response to an effective American convoy system.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372873908#July", "title": "1942", "revid": 1372873908, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1942, "year_label": "1942 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "November", "text": "A U-boat sinks the off the coast of Brazil. One crewman, Chinese second steward Poon Lim, is separated from the others and spends 130 days adrift, until he is rescued on April 3, 1943.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372873908#November", "title": "1942", "revid": 1372873908, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1942, "year_label": "1942 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "November 1", "text": "November 1 – WWII: North Atlantic convoy SC 107 is heavily attacked by U-boats, sinking 15 ships.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372873908#November", "title": "1942", "revid": 1372873908, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1942, "year_label": "1942 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "October 13", "text": "October 13 – WWII: North Atlantic convoy SC 104 is attacked by U-boats, sinking seven ships.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372873908#October", "title": "1942", "revid": 1372873908, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1943, "year_label": "1943 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "February 21", "text": "February 21 – WWII: North Atlantic convoy ON 166 is attacked by U-boats, which sink eleven ships.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373526844#February", "title": "1943", "revid": 1373526844, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1943, "year_label": "1943 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "February 7", "text": "February 7 – WWII: North Atlantic convoy SC 118 is attacked by U-boats, who sink 8 ships.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373526844#February", "title": "1943", "revid": 1373526844, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1943, "year_label": "1943 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "March 9", "text": "March 9–10 – WWII: North Atlantic convoy SC 121 is attacked by U-boats sinking seven ships.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373526844#March", "title": "1943", "revid": 1373526844, "section": "Events › March"}}]}