{"slug": "ukraine", "label": "Ukraine", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212", "qid": "Q212", "description": "country in Eastern Europe", "entries": 57, "years": 50, "span": [-2749, 2025], "span_label": ["2750 BCE", "2025 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 24}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 12}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 3}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 3}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 3}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 3}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 2}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "russia", "label": "Russia", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "polishlithuanian-commonwealth", "label": "Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "kiev", "label": "Kiev", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "kievan-rus", "label": "Kievan Rus'", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "kyiv", "label": "Kyiv", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "romania", "label": "Romania", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "hungary", "label": "Hungary", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "moldova", "label": "Moldova", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "soviet-union", "label": "Soviet Union", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "belarus", "label": "Belarus", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "poland", "label": "Poland", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "tsardom-of-russia", "label": "Tsardom of Russia", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": -2749, "year_label": "2750 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "c. 2750 BC: Estimated ending of the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture in the region of modern-day Romania, Moldova, and southwestern Ukraine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371895843#Events", "title": "28th century BC", "revid": 1371895843, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 238, "year_label": "238 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Goths, coming from Ukraine, cross the Danube and devastate the Roman Empire up to the border with Anatolia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371227244#Roman_Empire", "title": "238", "revid": 1371227244, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 247, "year_label": "247 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Goths appear on the lower Danube frontier; they invade Ukraine and Romania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371188649#Roman_Empire", "title": "247", "revid": 1371188649, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 576, "year_label": "576 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Göktürks under Tardu cross the Cimmerian Bosporus into the Crimea, and besiege the city of Panticapaeum (Ukraine).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340801569#Asia", "title": "576", "revid": 1340801569, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 581, "year_label": "581 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Göktürks under Taspar Qaghan besiege the city of Chersonesos Taurica (modern Ukraine), located at the Black Sea; their cavalry keep plundering the steppes of the Crimean Peninsula until 590.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340801589#Europe", "title": "581", "revid": 1340801589, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 655, "year_label": "655 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "May 15", "text": "May 15 – Pope Martin I is banished to Chersonesos Taurica (Ukraine). He dies later in the Crimean Peninsula after a 6-year reign, leaving Eugene I as the uncontested pope (see 654).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367636681#Religion", "title": "655", "revid": 1367636681, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 665, "year_label": "665 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Kubrat, ruler (khagan) of Great Bulgaria, dies after a 33-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Batbayan, who rules from Poltava (modern Ukraine), the lands north of the Black Sea, and the Sea of Azov.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340805187#Europe", "title": "665", "revid": 1340805187, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 800, "year_label": "800 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Rus' Khaganate is created by people who are called Rus', after the 182-year dominance of the Khazars. This is the starting period of the rise of the Kievan Rus', and the later states of Russia, Belarus and Ukraine (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367075277#Europe", "title": "800", "revid": 1367075277, "section": "Events › Europe"}}, {"year": 896, "year_label": "896 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Southern Buh: Bulgarian forces under Simeon I ('the Great') defeat the Magyars, near the banks of the Southern Buh river (modern Ukraine). The Magyars withdraw from Bulgaria, and are forced to migrate to new pastures. Led by Árpád, they settle in the Carpathian Basin (modern Hungary).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346094345#Europe", "title": "896", "revid": 1346094345, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 907, "year_label": "907 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Rus'–Byzantine War: Varangian prince Oleg of Novgorod leads the Kievan Rus' in a campaign against Constantinople, concluded by the Rus'–Byzantine Treaty (in which the city of Chernihiv in Ukraine is first mentioned). He lays siege to the Byzantine capital with some 2,000 ships (dugout boats), and secures trading rights from the world's leading center of commerce.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341130849#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "907", "revid": 1341130849, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 972, "year_label": "972 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Grand Prince Sviatoslav I is ambushed by the Pechenegs (possibly in the service of the Byzantines) and killed during his attempt to cross the Dnieper rapids (modern Ukraine). His skull is made into a drinking cup. Sviatoslav is succeeded by his eldest son Yaropolk I as ruler of Kiev, which leads to a civil war with his brother Oleg.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365272305#Europe", "title": "972", "revid": 1365272305, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 980, "year_label": "980 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 11", "text": "June 11 – Vladimir I (the Great), grand prince of Kiev, consolidates the Kievan realm from modern Ukraine to the Baltic Sea. Vladimir is proclaimed ruler (knyaz) of all Kievan Rus'.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364109392#Europe", "title": "980", "revid": 1364109392, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1001, "year_label": "1001 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The first reference is made to Khotyn, Ukrainian town, and to Nyalka, Hungarian village, as to Chimudi.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341910152#Europe", "title": "1001", "revid": 1341910152, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1223, "year_label": "1223 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April", "text": "April – The Russian princes lead their separate armies from different parts of Russia, to assemble 60 kilometres downriver from Kiev. There are three main groups of princes taking part in the campaign; the Kievan army is represented by Grand Prince Mstislav Romanovich (the Old). The second group are the Chernigov and Smolensk armies under Prince Mstislav II. The third group is the Galician-Volhynian army under Mstislav Mstislavich with his son-in-law Daniel of Galicia, leaving from northern Ukraine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1336497375#Mongol_Empire", "title": "1223", "revid": 1336497375, "section": "Events › Other events, by place › Mongol Empire"}}, {"year": 1238, "year_label": "1238 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March 4", "text": "March 4 – Battle of the Sit River: The Mongols defeat a Kievan Rus' army (some 4,000 men) under Grand Prince Yuri II of Vladimir in an engagement at the Sit River (located in the Sonkovsky District). With Yuri's death, so too dies the hope of any united Rus' resistance against the Mongols. Batu Khan splits his forces up into several contingents – ordering each to wreak havoc across the Rus' territories (modern-day Russia and Ukraine).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1337076438#Mongol_Empire", "title": "1238", "revid": 1337076438, "section": "Events › By place › Mongol Empire"}}, {"year": 1569, "year_label": "1569 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 1", "text": "July 1 – The Union of Lublin unites the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania into a single state, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, following votes in the Assemblies of three Lithuanian provinces (Volhynia, Ukraine and Podlasie) in favour of the incorporation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366794933#July–September", "title": "1569", "revid": 1366794933, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1580, "year_label": "1580 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 12", "text": "July 12 – The Ostrog Bible, the first complete printed Bible translation into a Slavic language (Old Church Slavonic), is first printed at Ostroh in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (modern-day Ukraine) by Ivan Fyodorov.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369376205#July–September", "title": "1580", "revid": 1369376205, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1648, "year_label": "1648 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 26", "text": "January 26 – The Khmelnytsky Uprising in Ukraine, at the time part of the Republic of Both Nations (Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth), begins as Bohdan Khmelnytsky becomes Hetman of the Cossacks.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346163846#January–March", "title": "1648", "revid": 1346163846, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1651, "year_label": "1651 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 30", "text": "June 30 – After three days of fighting in the Battle of Berestechko in Ukraine, one of the biggest land battles of the 17th century, with some 205,000 troops in the field, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Army defeats the Zaporozhian Cossacks.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365975166#April–June", "title": "1651", "revid": 1365975166, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1651, "year_label": "1651 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 12", "text": "May 12 – General Marcin Kalinowski of Poland wins the Battle of Kopychyntsi against Zaporozhian Cossacks forces under the command of Asand Demka during the Khmelnytsky Uprising in what is now Ukraine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365975166#April–June", "title": "1651", "revid": 1365975166, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1654, "year_label": "1654 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 5", "text": "July 5 – The Russian Army camps outside Smolensk and the Thirteen Years' War starts between Russia and Poland over Ukraine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365981814#July–September", "title": "1654", "revid": 1365981814, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1660, "year_label": "1660 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 14", "text": "September 14 – The 13-day long Battle of Lyubar begins at Liubar (now in Ukraine) during the Russo-Polish War between soldiers of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth against Russia and ends with a victory by Poland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365986539#July–September", "title": "1660", "revid": 1365986539, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1667, "year_label": "1667 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 6", "text": "February 6 (January 27 O.S.) – The Treaty of Andrusovo is signed during the Russo-Polish War. Poland cedes eastern Ukraine, including Kiev and Smolensk, to Russia, ending Poland's status as a major Central European power.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365989201#January–March", "title": "1667", "revid": 1365989201, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1668, "year_label": "1668 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 18", "text": "June 18 – Petro Doroshenko is proclaimed by the Russian Empire as the hetman of all of Ukraine, after having previously been granted leadership of the western half. Ivan Briukhovetsky, who had ruled the eastern half and then led an uprising, is executed on the same day.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365989896#April–June", "title": "1668", "revid": 1365989896, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1694, "year_label": "1694 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 21", "text": "January 21 (January 11 O.S.) – The Kiev Academy, predecessor of the national university of Ukraine, receives official recognition by Tsar Ivan V of Russia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353084901#January–March", "title": "1694", "revid": 1353084901, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1698, "year_label": "1698 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "Ukraine suffers a great famine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370144847#Date_unknown", "title": "1698", "revid": 1370144847, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1709, "year_label": "1709 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 8", "text": "July 8 (June 27 Old Style; June 28 in the Swedish calendar) – Great Northern War: Battle of Poltava in the Cossack Hetmanate (Ukraine) – Peter the Great leads forces of the Tsardom of Russia to a decisive victory over Swedish forces under Charles XII, ending the Swedish invasion of Russia and effectively ending Sweden's role as a major power in Europe.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361817608#July–December", "title": "1709", "revid": 1361817608, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1710, "year_label": "1710 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 5", "text": "April 5 – Pylyp Orlyk, a Cossack of Ukraine, is elected as the Hetman of the Zaporizhian Host and immediately issues the Pacts and Constitutions of Rights and Freedoms of the Zaporizhian Host.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358049105#April–June", "title": "1710", "revid": 1358049105, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1746, "year_label": "1746 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The town of Vilkovo (Odes'ka oblast', Ukraine) is founded.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360271173#Date_unknown", "title": "1746", "revid": 1360271173, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1811, "year_label": "1811 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "July 9", "text": "July 9 – The Great Podil fire breaks out in Kiev, Ukraine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361375672#July–September", "title": "1811", "revid": 1361375672, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1823, "year_label": "1823 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 7", "text": "May 7 – Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov is appointed as Governor-General of Novorossiya (New Russia), the portion of Russian Empire bordering the Black Sea (in modern days it constitutes southern regions of Ukraine).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361959841#April–June", "title": "1823", "revid": 1361959841, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1881, "year_label": "1881 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 19", "text": "November 19 – A meteorite strikes the Earth near the village of Großliebenthal, a few kilometers southwest of Odesa, Ukraine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369747876#November", "title": "1881", "revid": 1369747876, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1933, "year_label": "1933 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "June", "text": "June – The Holodomor famine-genocide in Ukraine reaches its peak, with 30,000 deaths from human-made starvation each day. The average life expectancy for a Ukrainian male born this year is 7.3 years.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371108771#June", "title": "1933", "revid": 1371108771, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1936, "year_label": "1936 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "December 24", "text": "December 24 – The first filmed Ukrainian opera, Natalka Poltavka, is released in Ukraine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373216494#November–December", "title": "1936", "revid": 1373216494, "section": "Events › November–December"}}, {"year": 1942, "year_label": "1942 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May", "text": "Second Battle of Kharkov: In the eastern Ukraine, the Soviet Army initiates a major offensive to capture the city of Kharkov from the German Army, only to be encircled and destroyed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372873908#May", "title": "1942", "revid": 1372873908, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1951, "year_label": "1951 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "September 14", "text": "September 14 – Volodymyr Melnykov, Ukrainian poet, writer, songwriter and composer", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368856437#September", "title": "1951", "revid": 1368856437, "section": "Births › September"}}, {"year": 1986, "year_label": "1986 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "April 26", "text": "April 26 – Chernobyl disaster: A mishandled safety test at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Pripyat, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union \"killed at least 4,056 people and damaged almost $7 billion of property\". Radioactive fallout from the accident is concentrated near Belarus, Ukraine and Russia and at least 350,000 people are forcibly resettled away from these areas. After the accident, \"traces of radioactive deposits unique to Chernobyl were in nearly every country in the northern hemisphere\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373510075#April", "title": "1986", "revid": 1373510075, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1991, "year_label": "1991 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 1", "text": "December 1 – Dissolution of the Soviet Union: Ukrainians vote overwhelmingly for independence from the Soviet Union in a referendum.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371487470#December", "title": "1991", "revid": 1371487470, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1991, "year_label": "1991 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 12", "text": "December 12 – Ukraine becomes the first post-Soviet republic to decriminalize homosexuality.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371487470#December", "title": "1991", "revid": 1371487470, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1992, "year_label": "1992 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 14", "text": "February 14 – Ukraine and four other nations in the Commonwealth of Independent States reject Russia's proposal to maintain unified armed forces. Ukraine, Moldova and Azerbaijan announce they will go ahead with plans to create their own military forces.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368521010#February", "title": "1992", "revid": 1368521010, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1994, "year_label": "1994 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 14", "text": "January 14 – U.S. president Bill Clinton and Russian president Boris Yeltsin sign the Kremlin accords, which stop the preprogrammed aiming of nuclear missiles toward each country's targets, and also provide for the dismantling of the nuclear arsenal in Ukraine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369917016#January", "title": "1994", "revid": 1369917016, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 2000, "year_label": "2000 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "September 16", "text": "September 16 – Ukrainian journalist Georgiy Gongadze is last seen alive; this day is taken as the commemoration date of his death.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371541477#September", "title": "2000", "revid": 1371541477, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2004, "year_label": "2004 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 22", "text": "November 22 – The Orange Revolution begins, following a disputed presidential election in Ukraine where Viktor Yanukovych won against Viktor Yushchenko amid accusations of electoral fraud. A revote results in Yushchenko being declared the winner.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373088592#November", "title": "2004", "revid": 1373088592, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 2005, "year_label": "2005 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 19", "text": "May 19–21 – The Eurovision Song Contest 2005 takes place in Kyiv, Ukraine, and is won by Greek entrant Helena Paparizou with the song \"My Number One\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368527363#May", "title": "2005", "revid": 1368527363, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 2007, "year_label": "2007 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 8", "text": "January 8 – Russian oil supplies to Poland, Germany, and Ukraine are cut as the Russia–Belarus energy dispute escalates; they are restored three days later.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370930640#January", "title": "2007", "revid": 1370930640, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 2012, "year_label": "2012 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 8", "text": "June 8 – UEFA Euro 2012, hosted by Poland and Ukraine, begins in Warsaw, with a match between Poland and Greece, which ends 1-1.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373434549#June", "title": "2012", "revid": 1373434549, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 2015, "year_label": "2015 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 12", "text": "February 12 – Leaders from Russian Federation, Ukraine, Germany and French Republic reach an agreement on the war in eastern Ukraine that includes a ceasefire and withdrawal of heavy weapons. However, several days later, the Ukrainian government and pro-Russian rebels claim that, within its first day, the ceasefire was broken 139 times, as both sides failed to withdraw their heavy weapons and fighting had continued.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373300271#February", "title": "2015", "revid": 1373300271, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 2017, "year_label": "2017 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 27", "text": "June 27 – 2017 cyberattacks on Ukraine: A series of cyberattacks using the Petya malware begins, affecting organizations in Ukraine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371948773#June", "title": "2017", "revid": 1371948773, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 2019, "year_label": "2019 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "September 7", "text": "September 7 – Ukrainian filmmaker Oleg Sentsov and 66 others are released in a prisoner exchange between Ukraine and Russia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373255188#September", "title": "2019", "revid": 1373255188, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2022, "year_label": "2022 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 21", "text": "February 21 – February 24 – Russian President Vladimir Putin signs a decree declaring the Luhansk People's Republic and Donetsk People's Republic as independent from Ukraine, and, despite international condemnation and sanctions, launched the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine; at dawn on 24 February missiles strike Kyiv. Ukraine severs diplomatic relations with Russia, followed by the Federated States of Micronesia on 25 February.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371998228#February", "title": "2022", "revid": 1371998228, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 2022, "year_label": "2022 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 11", "text": "November 11 – 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine: Ukrainian forces recapture Kherson, the only regional capital to be taken by Russia since the start of the war.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371998228#November", "title": "2022", "revid": 1371998228, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 2022, "year_label": "2022 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 27", "text": "September 27 – Russian occupation authorities in Ukraine claim that their annexation referendums show an overwhelming support for the annexation by Russia of the Donetsk People's Republic, the Luhansk People's Republic, and parts of Kherson Oblast and Zaporizhzhia Oblast. However, the voting is widely dismissed as a sham referendum.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371998228#September", "title": "2022", "revid": 1371998228, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2023, "year_label": "2023 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 29", "text": "December 29 – Russo-Ukrainian war: Russia launches the largest wave of drones and missiles on Ukrainian cities since the start of the war in an overnight assault, killing at least 39 people and injuring at least 160 others. Ukraine launches a drone assault the following day, killing at least 21 people, including three children, and injuring 110 others, including 17 children.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372811827#December", "title": "2023", "revid": 1372811827, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 2023, "year_label": "2023 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "January 18", "text": "January 18 – A helicopter crash in Brovary near Kyiv, Ukraine kills 14 people including Ukrainian Minister of Internal Affairs Denys Monastyrsky.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372811827#January", "title": "2023", "revid": 1372811827, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 2025, "year_label": "2025 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "December 19", "text": "December 19 – EU leaders approve a €90bn ($105bn) loan for Ukraine for the next two years, which Kyiv will repay only once Russia pays reparations.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372865033#December", "title": "2025", "revid": 1372865033, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 2025, "year_label": "2025 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 28", "text": "February 28 – A meeting between U.S. president Donald Trump and Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy takes place at the White House. Trump and V.P. JD Vance sharply criticise Zelenskyy, raising questions about support for Ukraine, a proposed end to the war, and the country's future in general.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372865033#February", "title": "2025", "revid": 1372865033, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 2025, "year_label": "2025 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – Ukraine halts the transportation of many Russian gas supplies through the country following the expiration of a five-year transit deal, while also becoming a state party in the International Criminal Court.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372865033#January", "title": "2025", "revid": 1372865033, "section": "Events › January"}}]}