{"slug": "umar", "label": "Umar", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umar", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8467", "qid": "Q8467", "description": "2nd Rashidun Caliph from 634 to 644", "entries": 7, "years": 6, "span": [606, 644], "span_label": ["606 CE", "644 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Deaths", "count": 3}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 2}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "rashidun-caliphate", "label": "Rashidun Caliphate", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "medina", "label": "Medina", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "christianity", "label": "Christianity", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "jerusalem", "label": "Jerusalem", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "april", "label": "April", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "church-building", "label": "Church (building)", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "church-of-the-holy-sepulchre", "label": "Church of the Holy Sepulchre", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "greek-orthodox-patriarch-of-jerusalem", "label": "Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "iran", "label": "Iran", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "diocese-of-egypt", "label": "Diocese of Egypt", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "abu-bakr", "label": "Abu Bakr", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 606, "year_label": "606 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Hafsa bint Umar, daughter of Umar and wife of Muhammad", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340802689#Births", "title": "606", "revid": 1340802689, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 622, "year_label": "622 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "October 4", "text": "October 4 or July 13 – After a fourteen days' stay in Quba, Muhammad finally moves from Quba to Yathrib, and is greeted cordially by its people. Here he drafts the Constitution of Medina, an agreement between the various Muslim, Jewish, Christian and pagan tribal communities in the city, forming the basis of a multi-religious Islamic state, and begins construction of the Al-Masjid an-Nabawi Mosque. Later during the caliphate of Umar in 638, the lunar year during which the emigration to Medina occurred (Friday 16 July 622 – 4 July 623) is designated \"Year One\" of the new Hijri era (Anno Hegirae – AH).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368342469#Religion", "title": "622", "revid": 1368342469, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 634, "year_label": "634 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 23", "text": "August 23 – Abu Bakr dies at Medina and is succeeded by Umar I, who becomes the second caliph (khalifah) of the Rashidun Caliphate. During his rule, Umar conquers Syria, Persia, and Egypt in a \"Holy War\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1299946990#Arabia", "title": "634", "revid": 1299946990, "section": "Events › By place › Arabia"}}, {"year": 637, "year_label": "637 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April", "text": "April – Siege of Jerusalem: The Rashidun army (20,000 men), led by 'Amr ibn al-'As, conquers Jerusalem after a six-month siege. The Byzantine garrison surrenders to Caliph Umar I, who is invited by Sophronius, patriarch of Jerusalem, to pray in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Umar declines, fearing that accepting the invitation might endanger the church's status, and turn the Christian holy site into a mosque.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1315736944#Arabian_Empire", "title": "637", "revid": 1315736944, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 638, "year_label": "638 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Autumn – The Arabian forces under Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah storm Caesarea Maritima, capital of Byzantine Palestine, and effect their final capture of Ascalon (modern Israel). Caliph Umar I stops the Muslim invasion, and appoints Abu Ubaidah governor of Syria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369557443#Arabian_Empire", "title": "638", "revid": 1369557443, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 644, "year_label": "644 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Umar I, Muslim caliph (r. 634–644)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367635050#Deaths", "title": "644", "revid": 1367635050, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 644, "year_label": "644 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 3", "text": "November 3 – The second caliph Umar, r. 634–644, dies of wounds inflicted by the Persian slave Abu Lu'lu'a Firuz at Medina. On his death bed he appoints a committee to determine his successor. They select Uthman ibn Affan, who becomes the third caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367635050#Islamic_Empire", "title": "644", "revid": 1367635050, "section": "Events › By place › Islamic Empire"}}]}