{"slug": "uruguay", "label": "Uruguay", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77", "qid": "Q77", "description": "sovereign state in South America", "entries": 34, "years": 28, "span": [1023, 1991], "span_label": ["1023 CE", "1991 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 10}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 10}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 5}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 4}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "argentina", "label": "Argentina", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "brazil", "label": "Brazil", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "montevideo", "label": "Montevideo", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "empire-of-brazil", "label": "Empire of Brazil", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "paraguay", "label": "Paraguay", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "spain", "label": "Spain", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "paris", "label": "Paris", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "portugal", "label": "Portugal", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "scotland", "label": "Scotland", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "chile", "label": "Chile", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "bolivia", "label": "Bolivia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "buenos-aires", "label": "Buenos Aires", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1023, "year_label": "1023 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "July 20", "text": "July 20 – A partial solar eclipse, part of the Solar Saros 120 cycle, is visible to the natives of southern South America in what are now Brazil, Uruguay and Chile.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342213204#July–September", "title": "1023", "revid": 1342213204, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1515, "year_label": "1515 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "October 8", "text": "October 8 – Portuguese explorer Juan Díaz de Solís departs from Sanlúcar de Barrameda in Spain with three ships and 70 men on a disastrous expedition toward the southern part of the continent of South America. Soon after landing at what is now Uruguay, Díaz and most of his crew are killed by the Charrúa people shortly after their arrival in January.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362498078#October–December", "title": "1515", "revid": 1362498078, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1516, "year_label": "1516 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "January 20", "text": "January 20 – Juan Díaz de Solís arrives in what is now Punta del Este in Uruguay, where he becomes the first European to sail into the Río de la Plata (in future Argentina). Díaz and nine of his men are attacked and killed by the local Charrúa people shortly after their arrival. although there was likely an expedition earlier in 1511-1512 by João de Lisboa and Estevão de Fróis.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368315851#January–March", "title": "1516", "revid": 1368315851, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1724, "year_label": "1724 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 22", "text": "January 22 – Bruno Mauricio de Zabala, Spanish Captain general of the Río de la Plata, forces the Portuguese to abandon their fortified settlement at what will become the city of Montevideo in Uruguay.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372325153#January–March", "title": "1724", "revid": 1372325153, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1737, "year_label": "1737 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "August 15", "text": "August 15 – The Portuguese frigate Nossa Senhora da Boa Viagem arrives at Maldonado (now in Uruguay) as Captain Duarte Pereira brings the news that the Spanish–Portuguese War ended by an agreement signed on March 16.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367176390#July–September", "title": "1737", "revid": 1367176390, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1737, "year_label": "1737 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 16", "text": "March 16 – In Paris, representatives of Spain and Portugal sign an armistice bringing an end to the Spanish–Portuguese War over the area now occupied by the nation of Uruguay and the area now occupied by the state of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil. The news does not reach the fighting parties until five months later.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367176390#January–March", "title": "1737", "revid": 1367176390, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1811, "year_label": "1811 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 18", "text": "May 18 – Battle of Las Piedras near Las Piedras, Banda Oriental: The independentists of Uruguay gain their first victory.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361375672#April–June", "title": "1811", "revid": 1361375672, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1811, "year_label": "1811 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "October 23", "text": "October 23 – José Gervasio Artigas and 16,000 orientales leave the Banda Oriental del Uruguay, to go into exile.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361375672#October–December", "title": "1811", "revid": 1361375672, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1816, "year_label": "1816 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 9", "text": "July 9 – The United Provinces of South America (today Argentina, Uruguay, Bolivia and southern Brazil) declares independence from Spain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363267979#July–September", "title": "1816", "revid": 1363267979, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1825, "year_label": "1825 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 25", "text": "August 25 – Uruguay is declared independent of the Empire of Brazil by the Thirty-Three Orientals, a militant revolutionary group led by Juan Antonio Lavalleja.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341744335#July–September", "title": "1825", "revid": 1341744335, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1827, "year_label": "1827 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 20", "text": "February 20 – Battle of Ituzaingó (Passo do Rosário): A Brazilian Imperial Army force is tactically defeated on the border of Brazil and the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata by Argentine and Uruguayan troops.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362794712#January–March", "title": "1827", "revid": 1362794712, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1828, "year_label": "1828 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 4", "text": "October 4 – Uruguay gains independence from Brazil.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371323922#October–December", "title": "1828", "revid": 1371323922, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1830, "year_label": "1830 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 18", "text": "July 18 – Uruguay adopts its first constitution.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352223718#July–September", "title": "1830", "revid": 1352223718, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1835, "year_label": "1835 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "Civil war erupts in Uruguay, between supporters of the Blanco and Colorado parties.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364866184#Date_unknown", "title": "1835", "revid": 1364866184, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1843, "year_label": "1843 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 3", "text": "February 3 – Uruguayan Civil War: Argentina supports Oribe of Uruguay, and begins a siege of Montevideo.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366016136#January–March", "title": "1843", "revid": 1366016136, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1860, "year_label": "1860 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "In Buenos Aires, leader Bartolomé Mitre subverts the Argentine Confederation and begins to establish a new centralist government, with the help of Uruguayan Colorado party leader Venancio Flores.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371066131#Date_unknown", "title": "1860", "revid": 1371066131, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1864, "year_label": "1864 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 10", "text": "August 10 – An undeclared Uruguayan War begins, when Uruguay refuses an ultimatum from the Empire of Brazil.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369213895#August", "title": "1864", "revid": 1369213895, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1864, "year_label": "1864 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 12", "text": "October 12 – Uruguayan War: Forces of the Empire of Brazil invade Uruguay, in support of Venancio Flores' Colorado Party.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369213895#October", "title": "1864", "revid": 1369213895, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1865, "year_label": "1865 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 1", "text": "May 1 – The Treaty of the Triple Alliance of Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay against Paraguay is formally signed, following the outbreak of the Paraguayan War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361545898#May", "title": "1865", "revid": 1361545898, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1873, "year_label": "1873 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Liebig's Extract of Meat Company begins producing tinned corned beef, sold under the label Fray Bentos, from the town in Uruguay where it is processed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370305657#Date_unknown", "title": "1873", "revid": 1370305657, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1882, "year_label": "1882 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "A peace treaty is signed between Paraguay and Uruguay.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360586433#Date_unknown", "title": "1882", "revid": 1360586433, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1899, "year_label": "1899 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "February 21", "text": "February 21 – The British freighter SS Jumna is last seen passing Rathlin Island off Northern Ireland. Bound from Scotland to deliver a shipment of coal to Uruguay with minimal crew, it never arrives and is never seen again.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371393177#February", "title": "1899", "revid": 1371393177, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1899, "year_label": "1899 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 14", "text": "May 14 – The three time world champion Club Nacional de Football is founded in Montevideo, Uruguay.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371393177#May", "title": "1899", "revid": 1371393177, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1904, "year_label": "1904 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 28", "text": "October 28 – Panama and Uruguay establish diplomatic relations.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373337754#October", "title": "1904", "revid": 1373337754, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1907, "year_label": "1907 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "September 22", "text": "September 22 – Uruguay abolishes capital punishment.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373349351#September", "title": "1907", "revid": 1373349351, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1939, "year_label": "1939 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 13", "text": "December 13 – WWII – Battle of the River Plate: The German heavy cruiser Admiral Graf Spee is trapped by cruisers , HMNZS Achilles, and after a running battle off the coast of Uruguay. Graf Spee is scuttled by its crew off Montevideo Harbor, on December 17.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372426050#December", "title": "1939", "revid": 1372426050, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1957, "year_label": "1957 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 1", "text": "March 1 – Arturo Lezama becomes President of the National Council of Government of Uruguay.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371361971#March", "title": "1957", "revid": 1371361971, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1971, "year_label": "1971 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "January 8", "text": "January 8 – Tupamaros kidnap Geoffrey Jackson, British ambassador to Uruguay, in Montevideo, keeping him captive until September.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369905382#January", "title": "1971", "revid": 1369905382, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1971, "year_label": "1971 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "January 9", "text": "January 9 – Uruguayan president Jorge Pacheco Areco demands emergency powers for 90 days due to kidnappings, and receives them the next day.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369905382#January", "title": "1971", "revid": 1369905382, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1973, "year_label": "1973 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 8", "text": "February 8 – A military insurrection in Uruguay poses an institutional challenge to President Juan María Bordaberry.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373239256#February", "title": "1973", "revid": 1373239256, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1973, "year_label": "1973 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 27", "text": "June 27 – Coup d'état in Uruguay: pressed by the military, President Juan María Bordaberry dissolves Parliament; a 12-year-long civic-military dictatorship begins.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373239256#June", "title": "1973", "revid": 1373239256, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1976, "year_label": "1976 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "August 24", "text": "August 24 – In Uruguay, the army captures Marcelo Gelman and his pregnant wife. Gelman is later killed and his wife disappears.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372603253#August", "title": "1976", "revid": 1372603253, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1977, "year_label": "1977 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 9", "text": "August 9 – The military-controlled government of Uruguay announces that it will return the nation to civilian rule through general elections in 1981 for a president and Congress.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371657539#August", "title": "1977", "revid": 1371657539, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1991, "year_label": "1991 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 26", "text": "March 26 – Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay sign the Treaty of Asunción, establishing Mercosur.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371487470#March", "title": "1991", "revid": 1371487470, "section": "Events › March"}}]}