{"slug": "uskudar", "label": "Üsküdar", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Csk%C3%BCdar", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q326339", "qid": "Q326339", "description": "district of İstanbul, northwestern Turkey", "entries": 8, "years": 8, "span": [-409, 1854], "span_label": ["410 BCE", "1854 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 7}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "constantinople", "label": "Constantinople", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "anatolic-theme", "label": "Anatolic Theme", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "bosphorus", "label": "Bosphorus", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "varangian-guard", "label": "Varangian Guard", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "turkey", "label": "Turkey", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "byzantine-army", "label": "Byzantine army", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "dardanelles", "label": "Dardanelles", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "armenia", "label": "Armenia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "irene-of-athens", "label": "Irene of Athens", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "strategos", "label": "Strategos", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "michael-ii", "label": "Michael II", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "basil-ii", "label": "Basil II", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -409, "year_label": "410 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Alcibiades installs a garrison at Chrysopolis under Theramenes to exact a tithe from all shipping that comes from the Black Sea. This revenue enables the Athenians to put an end to the regime of the Five Thousand and restore their traditional institutions in full. Democracy is restored in Athens. The new demagogue Cleophon dismisses peace overtures made by Sparta.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1239404382#Greece", "title": "410 BC", "revid": 1239404382, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": 324, "year_label": "324 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 18", "text": "September 18 – Battle of Chrysopolis: Constantine I definitively defeats Licinius at Chrysopolis, and becomes sole Emperor, thus ending the period of the Tetrarchy. Licinius escapes and gathers around 30,000 of his surviving troops at Nicomedia. Thus, the Civil wars of the Tetrarchy, which began in 306, end with Constantine ruling as sole Emperor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364737678#Roman_Empire", "title": "324", "revid": 1364737678, "section": "Events › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 681, "year_label": "681 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Autumn – A military revolt breaks out in the Anatolic Theme (modern Turkey). The Byzantine army marches to Chrysopolis, and sends a delegation across the straits of the Hellespont to Constantinople, demanding that the two brothers should remain co-emperors alongside Constantine IV.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367426529#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "681", "revid": 1367426529, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 782, "year_label": "782 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Harun al-Rashid reaches as far as Chrysopolis, across the Bosporus Straits from the Byzantine capital, Constantinople. After the defection of the Armenian general Tatzates, Empress Irene accepts a three-year truce, including the annual payment of a tribute of 70,000 or 90,000 gold dinars, and the handing over of 10,000 silk garments. Harun releases all his captives (5,600 men), including chief minister Staurakios and other hostages.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267081621#Abbasid_Empire", "title": "782", "revid": 1267081621, "section": "Events › By place › Abbasid Empire"}}, {"year": 803, "year_label": "803 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Bardanes Tourkos, Byzantine general (strategos), is proclaimed emperor by the troops of the Anatolic, Opsikion, Thracian and Bucellarian themes. The 'rebel' army marches to Chrysopolis, a suburb of Constantinople. After the defection of two of his trusted aides, future emperors Leo the Armenian and Michael the Amorian, Bardanes negotiates peace.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848789#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "803", "revid": 1340848789, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 988, "year_label": "988 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Fall – Emperor Basil II, supported by a contingent of 6,000 Varangians (the future Varangian Guard), organizes the defences of Constantinople to meet a threat from the insurgents, Bardas Phokas the Younger and Bardas Skleros. Basil crosses the Bosphorus, and leads a surprise attack on the rebel camp of Kalokyros Delphinas, at Chrysopolis. Delphinas is captured and executed, either by crucifixion or by impalement (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364920019#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "988", "revid": 1364920019, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1203, "year_label": "1203 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 23", "text": "June 23 – The Crusader fleet comes within sight of Constantinople, and enters the Bosporus. The Byzantine capital is defended by a garrison of 15,000 soldiers (including 5,000 men of the Varangian Guard), and a fleet of 20 galleys. On June 26, the Byzantine troops skirmish with the Crusader forces, who attack, without success, the cities of Chalcedon and Chrysopolis.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369187440#Fourth_Crusade", "title": "1203", "revid": 1369187440, "section": "Events › By place › Fourth Crusade"}}, {"year": 1854, "year_label": "1854 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Florence Nightingale and her team of 38 trained volunteer nurses, having set out on October 21 from England, arrive at Selimiye Barracks in Scutari in the Ottoman Empire, to care for British Army troops wounded in the Crimean War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362496011#October–December", "title": "1854", "revid": 1362496011, "section": "Events › October–December"}}]}