{"slug": "valencia", "label": "Valencia", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valencia", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8818", "qid": "Q8818", "description": "capital city of the Valencian Community, Spain", "entries": 15, "years": 15, "span": [-137, 1826], "span_label": ["138 BCE", "1826 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 6}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 2}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "el-cid", "label": "El Cid", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "yusuf-ibn-tashfin", "label": "Yusuf ibn Tashfin", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "tunisia", "label": "Tunisia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "almoravid-dynasty", "label": "Almoravid dynasty", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "alfonso-vi-of-leon-and-castile", "label": "Alfonso VI of León and Castile", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "north-africa", "label": "North Africa", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "james-i-of-aragon", "label": "James I of Aragon", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-aragon", "label": "Kingdom of Aragon", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "crown-of-aragon", "label": "Crown of Aragon", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ferdinand-ii-of-aragon", "label": "Ferdinand II of Aragon", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "cadiz", "label": "Cádiz", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "talmud", "label": "Talmud", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -137, "year_label": "138 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Valencia in Spain is founded as a Roman colony.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361991985#Roman_Empire", "title": "138 BC", "revid": 1361991985, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 1087, "year_label": "1087 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – The Taifa of Valencia falls under the domination of El Cid. He stabilizes the region around Valencia, which has revolted against the Moorish puppet ruler Al-Qadir.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365262622#Europe", "title": "1087", "revid": 1365262622, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1101, "year_label": "1101 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Almoravid forces under Sultan Yusuf ibn Tashfin besiege Valencia, which is defended by Jimena Díaz, widow of Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar. The city holds out until May 1102.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365268186#Europe", "title": "1101", "revid": 1365268186, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1102, "year_label": "1102 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 5", "text": "May 5 – The short-lived principality created by Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar ends: Valencia is captured by Almoravid forces under Sultan Yusuf ibn Tashfin. It is later recaptured, evacuated and burned by King Alfonso VI.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365265899#Europe", "title": "1102", "revid": 1365265899, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1237, "year_label": "1237 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 15", "text": "August 15 – Battle of the Puig: Aragonese forces under Bernat Guillem de Montpeller defeat the Muslim army (some 12,000 men) of the Taifa of Valencia at El Puig. The Almohad forces are routed, and many of the soldiers are slain in the action. Zayyan ibn Mardanish, Almohad ruler and governor of Valencia, is forced to go into exile to Tunisia, while offering the surrender of all castles from the Turia River to Tortosa and Teruel.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300110077#Europe", "title": "1237", "revid": 1300110077, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1239, "year_label": "1239 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Peter III, king of Aragon and Valencia (d. 1285)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368650554#Births", "title": "1239", "revid": 1368650554, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1247, "year_label": "1247 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 1", "text": "December 1 – A rebellion arises among the Muslim subjects in the region of Valencia. As a punishment, King James I of Aragon (\"the Conqueror\"), issues an order of expulsion of the Muslims from his realm, leading numerous people into exile in Andalusia and North Africa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362480331#Europe", "title": "1247", "revid": 1362480331, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1409, "year_label": "1409 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "February 24", "text": "February 24 – Traveling in Valencia in Aragon, Father Joan Gilabert Jofré, known as \"Padre Jofré\", witnesses a mentally ill man being beaten by two young attackers. After rescuing the victim, Jofré resolves to create the Hospital dels Ignoscents, the world's first psychiatric hospital.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361998092#January–March", "title": "1409", "revid": 1361998092, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1414, "year_label": "1414 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "August 29", "text": "August 29 – The brotherhood of the \"Sancta dels Folls Dona Nostra i Desamparats Innocents\" (Our Lady of the Insane and the Forsaken Innocents) is founded in Valencia to help the mentally ill, but soon extends its mission to take care of homeless and abandoned children.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368828978#July–September", "title": "1414", "revid": 1368828978, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1415, "year_label": "1415 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May 11", "text": "May 11 – From Valencia in Spain, the Antipope Benedict XIII issues a papal bull with eleven prohibitions against Jews, including a ban on teaching, reading or possessing the Talmud; prohibition of Jewish possession of Christian artifacts or Christian books; limiting each town to only one synagogue; barring Jews from serving specific jobs or making contracts; segregating Jews from Christians in all public places; and requiring all Jews to wear \"a red and yellow sign\" on their clothes. Jews who convert to the Roman Catholic faith become exempt from the restrictions", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371593286#April–June", "title": "1415", "revid": 1371593286, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1447, "year_label": "1447 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "March 16", "text": "March 16 – A major fire destroys the centre of Valencia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359486325#January–March", "title": "1447", "revid": 1359486325, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1490, "year_label": "1490 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "November 20", "text": "November 20 – The first edition of the chivalric romance Tirant lo Blanch, by Joanot Martorell, is printed in Valencia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365746432#October–December", "title": "1490", "revid": 1365746432, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1507, "year_label": "1507 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 20", "text": "July 20 – King Ferdinand II of Aragon returns to Valencia to resume his rule of his Spanish kingdom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367240730#July—September", "title": "1507", "revid": 1367240730, "section": "Events › July—September"}}, {"year": 1812, "year_label": "1812 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 24", "text": "August 24 – Siege of Cádiz: Marshal Jean-de-Dieu Soult abandons the two-and-a-half-year siege at Cádiz. He withdraws eastward with his forces to join King Joseph Bonaparte and Louis-Gabriel Suchet in Valencia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364673712#July–September", "title": "1812", "revid": 1364673712, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1826, "year_label": "1826 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "July 26", "text": "July 26 – Cayetano Ripoll becomes the last person to be executed by the Spanish Inquisition's successor at its last auto-da-fé, held in Valencia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373386632#July–September", "title": "1826", "revid": 1373386632, "section": "Events › July–September"}}]}