{"slug": "venezuela", "label": "Venezuela", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuela", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q717", "qid": "Q717", "description": "country in South America", "entries": 48, "years": 44, "span": [-499, 2021], "span_label": ["500 BCE", "2021 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 13}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 12}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 5}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 5}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 3}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 2}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "caracas", "label": "Caracas", "shared": 8}, {"slug": "colombia", "label": "Colombia", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "ecuador", "label": "Ecuador", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "simon-bolivar", "label": "Simón Bolívar", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "south-america", "label": "South America", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "bogota", "label": "Bogotá", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "peru", "label": "Peru", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "spain", "label": "Spain", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "viceroyalty-of-peru", "label": "Viceroyalty of Peru", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "iran", "label": "Iran", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "united-arab-emirates", "label": "United Arab Emirates", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "syrian-civil-war", "label": "Syrian Civil War", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -499, "year_label": "500 BCE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "The world population reaches 100,000,000—85,000,000 in the Eastern Hemisphere and 15,000,000 in the Western Hemisphere, primarily Mesoamerica and northern South America (Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363151372#Demographics", "title": "500 BC", "revid": 1363151372, "section": "Events › By topic › Demographics"}}, {"year": 1498, "year_label": "1498 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "August 5", "text": "August 5 – Columbus lands on the Paria Peninsula, in what is now Venezuela in the first definitely recorded landing of Europeans on the mainland Americas.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363338704#July–September", "title": "1498", "revid": 1363338704, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1501, "year_label": "1501 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Rodrigo de Bastidas, sailing westward from Venezuela in search of gold, becomes the first European to explore the Isthmus of Panama.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360582028#Date_unknown", "title": "1501", "revid": 1360582028, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1529, "year_label": "1529 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September 8", "text": "September 8 – The city of Maracaibo, Venezuela is founded by Ambrosius Ehinger.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362793946#July–September", "title": "1529", "revid": 1362793946, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1537, "year_label": "1537 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "March 8", "text": "March 8 – Chipatá, now in the Santander Department of the Republic of Colombia, is founded by the Spanish conquistadors Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada and his brother Hernán Pérez de Quesada as the first settlement in what will become the Spanish colony of Nueva Granada, which will later be divided into the nations of Colombia and Venezuela.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362632656#January–March", "title": "1537", "revid": 1362632656, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1552, "year_label": "1552 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Miguel de Buría leads the first African rebellion in South America's history. This may be because Buría has more slaves than other regions in Venezuela, of which most join Miguel, and is still being contested between the Europeans and the natives, who also join his side. During this insurrection he takes over the Gold mines de San Felipe de Buría, established within the area with the consent of the Spanish Crown, to pull out the ore that was discovered in the Buria river, a task that heavily depends on slave work.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364394581#Date_unknown", "title": "1552", "revid": 1364394581, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1556, "year_label": "1556 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Welser banking families of Augsburg lose colonial control of Venezuela.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1320371006#Date_unknown", "title": "1556", "revid": 1320371006, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1570, "year_label": "1570 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Construction of the original Catedral Nuestra Señora de La Asunción, the oldest church in Venezuela, begins.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362475955#Date_unknown", "title": "1570", "revid": 1362475955, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1622, "year_label": "1622 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 30", "text": "November 30 – A fleet of 43 Dutch ships from Suriname attacks the Araya Peninsula in Venezuela in an attempt to halt construction of a Spanish fortress. The Spanish drive the Dutch away after six weeks of fighting, ending January 13, 1623.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366857889#October–December", "title": "1622", "revid": 1366857889, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1678, "year_label": "1678 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 10", "text": "June 10 – French buccaneer Michel de Grammont arrives at Spanish-held Venezuela with six pirate ships, 13 smaller craft, and 2,000 men in a daring raid on the South American territory, then leads half of his force inward toward Maracaibo, which he takes on June 14. During the rest of the month, he and his soldiers march inland as far as Trujillo. Grammont and his pirates finally depart on December 3.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368552109#April–June", "title": "1678", "revid": 1368552109, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1717, "year_label": "1717 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 27", "text": "May 27 – Spain creates the Viceroyalty of New Granada in South America from the northern section of the Viceroyalty of Peru. The viceroyalty, with a capital at Bogotá, later declares independence and splits up into what become the nations of Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366802832#April–June", "title": "1717", "revid": 1366802832, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1804, "year_label": "1804 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 2", "text": "December 2 – Coronation of Napoleon I: At the cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris, Napoleon crowns himself as the first Emperor of the French in a thousand years. Witnessing this, Simón Bolívar dedicates himself to liberating Venezuela from Spanish rule.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369393739#October–December", "title": "1804", "revid": 1369393739, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1810, "year_label": "1810 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 19", "text": "April 19 – Venezuela achieves home rule: Vicente Emparán, Governor of the Captaincy General of Venezuela, is removed by the people of Caracas, and Supreme Junta is installed. Venezuela is the first South American state to proclaim independence from Spain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357106545#April–June", "title": "1810", "revid": 1357106545, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1812, "year_label": "1812 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "March 26", "text": "March 26 – The 1812 Caracas earthquake destroys Caracas, capital of Venezuela.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364673712#January–March", "title": "1812", "revid": 1364673712, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1813, "year_label": "1813 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 14", "text": "October 14 – After a ceremony in Caracas, Venezuela, the municipality gives Simón Bolívar the title of El Libertador.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357692833#October–December", "title": "1813", "revid": 1357692833, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1828, "year_label": "1828 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 18", "text": "March 18 – Simón Bolívar, President of Colombia (and former President of Venezuela, Peru and Bolivia), departs from the capital at Bogotá in order to help his ally, General José Antonio Páez, suppress an uprising near the Venezuelan border, but is sidetracked by another rebellion in Cartagena.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371323922#January–March", "title": "1828", "revid": 1371323922, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1831, "year_label": "1831 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 17", "text": "November 17 – Ecuador and Venezuela are separated from Gran Colombia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360358594#October–December", "title": "1831", "revid": 1360358594, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1854, "year_label": "1854 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 24", "text": "March 24 – Slavery is abolished in Venezuela.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362496011#January–March", "title": "1854", "revid": 1362496011, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1859, "year_label": "1859 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 5", "text": "May 5 – Border Treaty between Brazil and Venezuela: The two countries agree their borders should be traced at the water divide, between the Amazon and the Orinoco basins.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371179353#April–June", "title": "1859", "revid": 1371179353, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1860, "year_label": "1860 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 10", "text": "January 10 – Ezequiel Zamora, leader of the Federalist Army in Venezuela (b. 1817)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371066131#January–June", "title": "1860", "revid": 1371066131, "section": "Deaths › January–June"}}, {"year": 1899, "year_label": "1899 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 26", "text": "September 26 – General Manuel Guzman Alvarez of the Venezuelan state of Sucre joins with General Cipriano Castro in a revolt against the Venezuelan government.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371393177#September", "title": "1899", "revid": 1371393177, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1902, "year_label": "1902 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "December", "text": "December–February 1903 – Venezuelan crisis: Britain, Germany and Italy sustain a naval blockade on Venezuela, in order to enforce collection of outstanding financial claims. This prompts the development of the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373318639#December", "title": "1902", "revid": 1373318639, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1902, "year_label": "1902 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 18", "text": "October 18 – Venezuela: President Castro's army overcomes rebels in seven-day battle", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373318639#October", "title": "1902", "revid": 1373318639, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1916, "year_label": "1916 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 30", "text": "December 30 – Humberto Gómez and his mercenaries seize Arauca in Colombia and declare the Republic of Arauca. He proceeds to pillage the region before fleeing to Venezuela.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373519106#December", "title": "1916", "revid": 1373519106, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1933, "year_label": "1933 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "November 16", "text": "November 16 – American aviator Jimmie Angel becomes the first foreigner to see the Angel Falls in Venezuela (they are named after him).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371108771#November", "title": "1933", "revid": 1371108771, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1945, "year_label": "1945 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 22", "text": "October 22 – Rómulo Betancourt is named provisional president of Venezuela.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371513862#October", "title": "1945", "revid": 1371513862, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1952, "year_label": "1952 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "April 9", "text": "April 9 – Santa Teresa Church tragedy: 50 people are trampled to death in the Basilica of St. Teresa, Caracas, Venezuela, after someone shouts \"Fire!\"; 40 people are arrested in connection with the crush.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373187098#March–April", "title": "1952", "revid": 1373187098, "section": "Events › March–April"}}, {"year": 1958, "year_label": "1958 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 13", "text": "May 13 – During a visit to Caracas, Venezuela, Vice President Richard Nixon's car is attacked by anti-American demonstrators.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371827125#May", "title": "1958", "revid": 1371827125, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1959, "year_label": "1959 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 14", "text": "June 14 – A 3-front invasion of the Dominican Republic by exile forces backed by Fidel Castro and Venezuela attempts to overthrow Rafael Trujillo.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370221732#June", "title": "1959", "revid": 1370221732, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1960, "year_label": "1960 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 24", "text": "June 24 – Assassination attempt of Venezuelan President Rómulo Betancourt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371870774#June", "title": "1960", "revid": 1371870774, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1960, "year_label": "1960 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "September 14", "text": "September 14 – The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is founded by Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371870774#September", "title": "1960", "revid": 1371870774, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1967, "year_label": "1967 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "July 29", "text": "July 29 – An earthquake in Caracas, Venezuela leaves 240 dead.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370160888#July", "title": "1967", "revid": 1370160888, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1969, "year_label": "1969 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "December 3", "text": "December 3 – Air France Flight 212, a Boeing 707 registered as F-BHSZ, crashed shortly after takeoff from Venezuela killing all 62 occupants on board. The cause of the accident is not yet known since the Bureau of Enquiry and Analysis for Civil Aviation Safety (BEA) did not publish an investigation report. It will not be released until 2029, sixty years after the accident.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373164180#December", "title": "1969", "revid": 1373164180, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1969, "year_label": "1969 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "March 16", "text": "March 16 – Viasa Flight 742 crashes into a neighborhood in Maracaibo, Venezuela, shortly after taking off for Miami; all 84 people on board the DC-9 jet are killed along with 71 people on the ground.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373164180#March", "title": "1969", "revid": 1373164180, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1979, "year_label": "1979 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 21", "text": "July 21 – Maritza Sayalero of Venezuela wins the Miss Universe pageant; the stage collapses after contestants and news photographers rush to her throne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371786119#July", "title": "1979", "revid": 1371786119, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1983, "year_label": "1983 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 4", "text": "December 4 – General elections are celebrated in Venezuela in which the opposition party, Democratic Action, wins a majority in both chambers of the Venezuelan Congress and the presidency for the 1984–1989 period under Jaime Lusinchi. Voter turnout is 87.3% and Lusinchi obtains 58.4% of the votes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366392977#December", "title": "1983", "revid": 1366392977, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1988, "year_label": "1988 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "March 17", "text": "March 17 – A Colombian Boeing 727 jetliner, Avianca Flight 410, crashes into the side of the mountains near the Venezuelan border, killing 143 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373532411#March", "title": "1988", "revid": 1373532411, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1992, "year_label": "1992 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 4", "text": "February 4 – In Venezuela, Hugo Chávez leads an unsuccessful coup attempt against President of Venezuela Carlos Andrés Pérez.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368521010#February", "title": "1992", "revid": 1368521010, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1996, "year_label": "1996 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "October 22", "text": "October 22 – A fire at La Planta prison in southwest Caracas, Venezuela, kills thirty prisoners.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371596794#October", "title": "1996", "revid": 1371596794, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1998, "year_label": "1998 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 6", "text": "December 6 – Hugo Chávez, politician and former officer of the Venezuelan army, is elected President of Venezuela.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373236679#December", "title": "1998", "revid": 1373236679, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 2005, "year_label": "2005 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "August 16", "text": "August 16 – West Caribbean Airways Flight 708 crashes into a mountain in Venezuela, killing 160 passengers and crew.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368527363#August", "title": "2005", "revid": 1368527363, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 2008, "year_label": "2008 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 2", "text": "March 2 – Venezuela and Ecuador move troops to the Colombian border, following a Colombian raid against FARC guerrillas inside Ecuadorian territory, in which senior commander Raúl Reyes is killed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372634791#March", "title": "2008", "revid": 1372634791, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 2009, "year_label": "2009 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "January 31", "text": "January 31 – Tiféret Israel Synagogue attack, profanation of the oldest synagogue in Caracas, Venezuela.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367728140#January", "title": "2009", "revid": 1367728140, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 2018, "year_label": "2018 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 20", "text": "May 20 – The 2018 Venezuelan presidential election was held with incumbent President Nicolás Maduro reelected with 67.8% of the vote and the lowest turnout in Venezuela's modern democratic history since the 1958 coup d'état. The elections were denounced as a \"sham\" by several Latin American countries, the United States, Canada, the Organization of American States and the European Union.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373090883#May", "title": "2018", "revid": 1373090883, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 2019, "year_label": "2019 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 10", "text": "January 10 – Venezuela enters a presidential crisis as Juan Guaidó and the National Assembly declare incumbent President Nicolás Maduro \"illegitimate\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373255188#January", "title": "2019", "revid": 1373255188, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 2020, "year_label": "2020 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 29", "text": "February 29 – Barquisimeto shooting: During a demonstration, pro-government colectivos shoot at disputed President and Speaker of the National Assembly Juan Guaidó and his supporters in Barquisimeto, Venezuela, leaving five injured.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371633312#February", "title": "2020", "revid": 1371633312, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 2020, "year_label": "2020 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 26", "text": "March 26 – Militants in the Philippines, Syria, Yemen, and Libya agree to U.N. Secretary-General António Guterres' call for a ceasefire; some accept medical aid for themselves and civilians in their communities. Colombia and Venezuela discuss a common response to the global pandemic, and the UAE airlifts aid to Iran.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371633312#March", "title": "2020", "revid": 1371633312, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 2021, "year_label": "2021 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "August 29", "text": "August 29 – Hurricane Ida strikes New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, after having caused devastation in Venezuela.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372689859#August", "title": "2021", "revid": 1372689859, "section": "Events › August"}}]}