{"slug": "venus", "label": "Venus", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q313", "qid": "Q313", "description": "second planet from the Solar System, tellurian and very similar to Earth", "entries": 27, "years": 21, "span": [363, 2020], "span_label": ["363 CE", "2020 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 25}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 2}], "related": [{"slug": "jupiter", "label": "Jupiter", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "mercury-planet", "label": "Mercury (planet)", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "soviet-union", "label": "Soviet Union", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "mars", "label": "Mars", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "european-space-agency", "label": "European Space Agency", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kazakhstan", "label": "Kazakhstan", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "nasa", "label": "NASA", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "saturn", "label": "Saturn", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "solar-system", "label": "Solar System", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "earth", "label": "Earth", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 363, "year_label": "363 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "April 20", "text": "April 20 – The planet Venus occults the planet Jupiter.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367307501#Astronomy", "title": "363", "revid": 1367307501, "section": "Events › By topic › Astronomy"}}, {"year": 428, "year_label": "428 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "October 26", "text": "October 26 – The planet Venus occults the planet Jupiter.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1321157185#Astronomy", "title": "428", "revid": 1321157185, "section": "Events › By topic › Astronomy"}}, {"year": 1192, "year_label": "1192 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "January 7", "text": "January 7 – Venus occults Jupiter.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341214506#Events", "title": "1192", "revid": 1341214506, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1210, "year_label": "1210 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "September 24", "text": "September 24 – Venus occults Jupiter (the last such occurrence until 1570).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1321284058#Astronomy", "title": "1210", "revid": 1321284058, "section": "Events › By topic › Astronomy"}}, {"year": 1570, "year_label": "1570 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "February 5", "text": "February 5 – Venus occults Jupiter; this will next happen in 1818.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362475955#January–March", "title": "1570", "revid": 1362475955, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1590, "year_label": "1590 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "October 13", "text": "October 13 – German astronomer Michael Maestlin becomes the first person to record an observation of the occultation of the planet Mars by the planet Venus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369164716#October–December", "title": "1590", "revid": 1369164716, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1737, "year_label": "1737 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "May 28", "text": "May 28 – The planet Venus passes in front of Mercury. The event is witnessed during the evening hours, by the amateur astronomer John Bevis, at the Royal Greenwich Observatory. As of 2006, it is still the only such planet/planet occultation that has been directly observed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367176390#April–June", "title": "1737", "revid": 1367176390, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1818, "year_label": "1818 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "January 3", "text": "January 3 (21:52 UTC) – Venus occults Jupiter. It is the last occultation of one planet by another before November 22, 2065.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373165947#January–March", "title": "1818", "revid": 1373165947, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1899, "year_label": "1899 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "December 2", "text": "December 2 – During the new moon, a near-grand conjunction of the classical planets and several binocular Solar System bodies occur. The Sun, Moon, Mercury, Mars and Saturn are all within 15° of each other, with Venus 5° ahead of this conjunction and Jupiter 15° behind.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371393177#December", "title": "1899", "revid": 1371393177, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1959, "year_label": "1959 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "July 7", "text": "July 7 – At 14:28 UT Venus occults the star Regulus. The rare event (which will next occur on October 1, 2044) is used to determine the diameter of Venus and the structure of Venus' atmosphere.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370221732#July", "title": "1959", "revid": 1370221732, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1961, "year_label": "1961 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "February 12", "text": "February 12 – The USSR launches Venera 1 towards Venus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372676854#February", "title": "1961", "revid": 1372676854, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1961, "year_label": "1961 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "May 19", "text": "May 19 – Venera 1 becomes the first man-made object to fly-by another planet by passing Venus (however, the probe lost contact with Earth a month earlier, and does not send back any data).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372676854#May", "title": "1961", "revid": 1372676854, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1962, "year_label": "1962 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "December 14", "text": "December 14 – U.S. spacecraft Mariner 2 passes by Venus, becoming the first spacecraft to transmit data from another planet.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373095518#December", "title": "1962", "revid": 1373095518, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1965, "year_label": "1965 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "November 16", "text": "November 16 – Venera program: The Soviet Union launches the Venera 3 space probe from Baikonur, Kazakhstan toward Venus (on March 1, 1966, it becomes the first spacecraft to reach the surface of another planet).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368843670#November–December", "title": "1965", "revid": 1368843670, "section": "Events › November–December"}}, {"year": 1966, "year_label": "1966 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "March 1", "text": "March 1 – Soviet space probe Venera 3 crashes on Venus, becoming the first spacecraft to land on another planet's surface.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370246126#March", "title": "1966", "revid": 1370246126, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1967, "year_label": "1967 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "June 14", "text": "June 14 – Mariner program: Mariner 5 is launched toward Venus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370160888#June", "title": "1967", "revid": 1370160888, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1967, "year_label": "1967 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "October 18", "text": "October 18 – The Venera 4 probe descends through the Venusian atmosphere.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370160888#October", "title": "1967", "revid": 1370160888, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1967, "year_label": "1967 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "October 19", "text": "October 19 – The Mariner 5 probe flies by Venus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370160888#October", "title": "1967", "revid": 1370160888, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1969, "year_label": "1969 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "May 16", "text": "May 16 – Venera program: Soviet space probe Venera 5 lands on Venus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373164180#May", "title": "1969", "revid": 1373164180, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1969, "year_label": "1969 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "May 17", "text": "May 17 – Venera program: Soviet space probe Venera 6 begins to descend into Venus's atmosphere, sending back atmospheric data before being crushed by pressure.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373164180#May", "title": "1969", "revid": 1373164180, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1970, "year_label": "1970 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "August 17", "text": "August 17 – Venera program: Venera 7 is launched from the Soviet Union toward Venus. It later becomes the first spacecraft to transmit data from the surface of another planet successfully.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370420699#August", "title": "1970", "revid": 1370420699, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1981, "year_label": "1981 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "November 4", "text": "November 4 – Venera program: Venera 14 is launched to Venus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369107326#November", "title": "1981", "revid": 1369107326, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1981, "year_label": "1981 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "October 30", "text": "October 30 – Venera program: Venera 13 is launched to Venus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369107326#October", "title": "1981", "revid": 1369107326, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 2006, "year_label": "2006 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "April 11", "text": "April 11 – The European Space Agency's Venus Express space probe enters Venus' orbit.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373069605#April", "title": "2006", "revid": 1373069605, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 2007, "year_label": "2007 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "June 5", "text": "June 5 – NASA's MESSENGER spacecraft makes its second fly-by of Venus on route to Mercury.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370930640#June", "title": "2007", "revid": 1370930640, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 2020, "year_label": "2020 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "April 10", "text": "April 10 – The ESA/JAXA space probe BepiColombo makes its final gravity assist around Earth and begins to depart for Venus, where it will make several gravity assist maneuvers before finally arriving at Mercury in 2025.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371633312#April", "title": "2020", "revid": 1371633312, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 2020, "year_label": "2020 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "September 14", "text": "September 14 – The Royal Astronomical Society announces the detection of phosphine in Venus' atmosphere, which is known to be a strong predictor for the presence of microbial life.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371633312#September", "title": "2020", "revid": 1371633312, "section": "Events › September"}}]}