{"slug": "viceroyalty-of-peru", "label": "Viceroyalty of Peru", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_Peru", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211435", "qid": "Q211435", "description": "viceroyalty of the Spanish Empire", "entries": 20, "years": 20, "span": [1541, 1801], "span_label": ["1541 CE", "1801 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 4}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 4}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 3}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 3}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 2}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "lima", "label": "Lima", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "ecuador", "label": "Ecuador", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "south-america", "label": "South America", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "chile", "label": "Chile", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "spain", "label": "Spain", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "venezuela", "label": "Venezuela", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "colombia", "label": "Colombia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "bogota", "label": "Bogotá", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "argentina", "label": "Argentina", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "charles-v-holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "americas", "label": "Americas", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "gregorian-calendar", "label": "Gregorian Calendar", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1541, "year_label": "1541 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 28", "text": "March 28 – In what is now the capital of Ecuador, San Francisco de Quito is declared a city by the decree of King Charles I of Spain and the Viceroyalty of Peru.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361813253#January–March", "title": "1541", "revid": 1361813253, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1544, "year_label": "1544 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 17", "text": "May 17 – At Lima, Blasco Núñez Vela takes office as the first Spanish Governor of the Viceroyalty of Peru, which encompasses most of what are now the nations of Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay, as well as the western part of Brazil.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359947848#April–June", "title": "1544", "revid": 1359947848, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1546, "year_label": "1546 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 18", "text": "January 18 – Blasco Núñez Vela first Spanish Viceroy of Peru fights with Gonzalo Pizarro at the Battle of Iñaquito and is killed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368296265#January–March", "title": "1546", "revid": 1368296265, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1551, "year_label": "1551 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 12", "text": "May 12 – The National University of San Marcos is founded in Lima in the Viceroyalty of Peru, being the first officially established university in the Americas.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352783865#April–June", "title": "1551", "revid": 1352783865, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1570, "year_label": "1570 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "The Andean population of the Viceroyalty of Peru reaches 1.3 million.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362475955#Date_unknown", "title": "1570", "revid": 1362475955, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1573, "year_label": "1573 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 6", "text": "July 6 – Córdoba, in the Viceroyalty of Peru, is founded by Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366656331#July–September", "title": "1573", "revid": 1366656331, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1583, "year_label": "1583 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "October 18", "text": "October 18 – In South America, the Third Council of Lima comes to an end after two months after being convened to provide a consistent doctrine for the Roman Catholic Church in the Viceroyalty of Peru. Among other things, the Council approves the treatment of the native population \"not like slaves but as free men\" as part of evangelism and conversion to Christianity, as well as the use of the Quechua language and the Aymara language to spread the gospel. The use of Spanish is ordered for church services, and Latin is forbidden.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363312090#October–December", "title": "1583", "revid": 1363312090, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1584, "year_label": "1584 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "August 7", "text": "August 7 – In Lima in the Viceroyalty of Peru, Italian printer Antonio Ricardo receives official permission to set up the first printing press in South America, and prints the first publication there, Pragmatica, a four-page outline of how the new Gregorian calendar (adopted 1582) works.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561067#July–September", "title": "1584", "revid": 1369561067, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1594, "year_label": "1594 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "August 25", "text": "August 25 – San Luis, in the Viceroyalty of Peru (now in Argentina), is founded by Luis Jufré de Loaysa y Meneses.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1319812312#July–September", "title": "1594", "revid": 1319812312, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1605, "year_label": "1605 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "December 21", "text": "December 21 – On behalf of Spain, Portuguese navigator Pedro Fernandes de Queirós begins his expedition to the South Pacific Ocean with 160 men on three ships. Queiros departs from Callao in the Viceroyalty of Peru with his flagship, San Pedro y San Pablo, and San Pedro and Los Tres Reyes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362477436#October–December", "title": "1605", "revid": 1362477436, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1615, "year_label": "1615 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "September 16", "text": "September 16 – An estimated 7.5 magnitude earthquake strikes Arica", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365922608#July–September", "title": "1615", "revid": 1365922608, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1717, "year_label": "1717 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 27", "text": "May 27 – Spain creates the Viceroyalty of New Granada in South America from the northern section of the Viceroyalty of Peru. The viceroyalty, with a capital at Bogotá, later declares independence and splits up into what become the nations of Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366802832#April–June", "title": "1717", "revid": 1366802832, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1726, "year_label": "1726 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "December 24", "text": "December 24 – The settlement of Montevideo is founded by the Spaniards in the Viceroyalty of Peru.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372345509#October–December", "title": "1726", "revid": 1372345509, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1730, "year_label": "1730 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "July 8", "text": "July 8 – 1730 Valparaíso earthquake: An earthquake with an estimated magnitude of 9.1 strikes Valparaíso, in modern-day Chile but at this time in the Viceroyalty of Peru.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560881#July–September", "title": "1730", "revid": 1369560881, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1739, "year_label": "1739 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Ecuador, part of Real Audiencia of Quito, becomes a part of New Granada, instead of Peru.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340647395#Date_unknown", "title": "1739", "revid": 1340647395, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1746, "year_label": "1746 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "October 28", "text": "October 28 – An earthquake demolishes Lima and Callao, in Peru.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360271173#October–December", "title": "1746", "revid": 1360271173, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1750, "year_label": "1750 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 29", "text": "June 29 – An attempt in Lima to begin a native uprising against Spanish colonial authorities in the Viceroyalty of Peru is discovered and thwarted. One of the conspirators, Francisco Garcia Jimenez, escapes to Huarochirí and kills dozens of Spaniards on July 25.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349828876#April–June", "title": "1750", "revid": 1349828876, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1767, "year_label": "1767 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "November 4", "text": "November 4 – Francisco de Paula Bucareli, the Governor of Buenos Aires (at the time, a province within the Spanish Empire's Viceroyalty of Peru), hosts the caciques who are the Guarani chiefs of the 30 mission towns established by Jesuit missionaries, in an effort to gain Guarani peoples' support in the expulsion of the Jesuits.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365587024#October_–December", "title": "1767", "revid": 1365587024, "section": "Events › October –December"}}, {"year": 1780, "year_label": "1780 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 4", "text": "November 4 – Rebellion of Túpac Amaru II: In the Spanish Viceroyalty of Peru, Túpac Amaru II leads an uprising of Aymara and Quechua peoples and mestizo peasants as a protest against the Bourbon Reforms.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370564554#October–December", "title": "1780", "revid": 1370564554, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1801, "year_label": "1801 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March 19", "text": "March 19 – Ambrosio O'Higgins, 1st Marquis of Osorno, Spanish viceroy of Peru and Governor of the Captaincy General of Chile, father of Bernardo O'Higgins, (b. c. 1720)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370397745#January–June", "title": "1801", "revid": 1370397745, "section": "Deaths › January–June"}}]}