{"slug": "volga-river", "label": "Volga River", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volga_River", "wikidata": null, "qid": null, "description": null, "entries": 6, "years": 6, "span": [370, 1771], "span_label": ["370 CE", "1771 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 3}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "khazars", "label": "Khazars", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "caucasus", "label": "Caucasus", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "umayyad-caliphate", "label": "Umayyad Caliphate", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "europe", "label": "Europe", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "huns", "label": "Huns", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ostrogoths", "label": "Ostrogoths", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "alans", "label": "Alans", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "qing-dynasty", "label": "Qing dynasty", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "bulgars", "label": "Bulgars", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "sviatoslav-i", "label": "Sviatoslav I", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ivan-the-terrible", "label": "Ivan the Terrible", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 370, "year_label": "370 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Huns migrate westward from the Volga into Europe and subjugate the Alans and the Ostrogoths. With their arrival, a tradition of composite bows is introduced.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1337457472#Europe", "title": "370", "revid": 1337457472, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 737, "year_label": "737 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Second Arab–Khazar War: The Khazars led by Hazer Tarkhan are defeated by a Muslim force, sent by Marwan ibn Muhammad ibn Marwan near the Volga River, which destroy what remains of the Khazar forces. The Umayyad Caliphate now has full control of the Caucasus after completely destroying the Khazar Empire. After its destruction the Arab-Khazar wars are stopped, Muslim sources indicate the Khazar Khan paid tribute to Marwan and converted to Islam.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340809689#Asia", "title": "AD 737", "revid": 1340809689, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 963, "year_label": "963 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Sviatoslav I, Grand Prince of Kyiv, begins a 2-year campaign in which he will defeat Khazar forces along the Don River – vanquish the Ossetes and the Circassians in the northern Caucasus. He also successfully attacks the Bulgars on the Volga River.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365272224#Europe", "title": "963", "revid": 1365272224, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1556, "year_label": "1556 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Ivan the Terrible conquers Astrakhan, opening the Volga River to Russian traffic and trade.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1320371006#Date_unknown", "title": "1556", "revid": 1320371006, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1762, "year_label": "1762 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 22", "text": "December 22 – Catherine follows the waiver of religious requirement for Russian immigration with a 190-word invitation, translated into various European languages, that invites Europeans to build settlements along arable, but undeveloped, land in southern Russia along the Volga River; when the invitation attracts little notice, she follows on July 22 with a longer manifesto promising free travel expenses and a written guarantee of rights.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340806393#October–December", "title": "1762", "revid": 1340806393, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1771, "year_label": "1771 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 5", "text": "January 5 – The Great Kalmyk (Torghut Migration) is led by Ubashi Khan, from the east bank of the Lower Volga River back to the homeland of Dzungaria, at this time under Qing dynasty rule.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363214109#January–_March", "title": "1771", "revid": 1363214109, "section": "Events › January– March"}}]}