{"slug": "waldensians", "label": "Waldensians", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waldensians", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201620", "qid": "Q201620", "description": "mediaval Christian movement", "entries": 10, "years": 9, "span": [1170, 1687], "span_label": ["1170 CE", "1687 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 5}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 3}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "duchy-of-savoy", "label": "Duchy of Savoy", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "italy", "label": "Italy", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "turin", "label": "Turin", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "holy-roman-empire", "label": "Holy Roman Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "verona", "label": "Verona", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "christianity", "label": "Christianity", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "provence", "label": "Provence", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "francis-i-of-france", "label": "Francis I of France", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "lyon", "label": "Lyon", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pope-francis", "label": "Pope Francis", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1170, "year_label": "1170 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Peter Waldo, a French merchant of Lyon, starts the popular religious movement of the \"Poor Men of Lyon\", or Waldenses.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367488642#Religion", "title": "1170", "revid": 1367488642, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1173, "year_label": "1173 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Approximate date – Peter Waldo, French spiritual leader, is converted to Christianity and founds the Waldensians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300112960#Religion", "title": "1173", "revid": 1300112960, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1179, "year_label": "1179 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March", "text": "March – Third Council of the Lateran: The Council condemns Waldensians and Cathars as heretics. It further institutes a reformation of clerical life and regulates that in order to prevent future schisms, the pope must receive of the cardinals' votes to be elected.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363299926#Religion", "title": "1179", "revid": 1363299926, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1184, "year_label": "1184 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The papal bull Ad Abolendam is issued against several European heretical groups: the Cathars, the Waldensians, the Patarines, Josephines and the Humiliati. It is created after a landmark meeting in Verona, between the Holy Roman Empire under Frederick I and the Catholic Church under Pope Lucius III.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362173180#Religion", "title": "1184", "revid": 1362173180, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1545, "year_label": "1545 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – King Francis I of France issues the \"Arrêt de Mérindol\", to destroy the Protestant Waldensians of Provence.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366653612#January–March", "title": "1545", "revid": 1366653612, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1655, "year_label": "1655 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 24", "text": "April 24 – The Piedmontese Easter Massacre of the Waldensians: Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy slaughters 1,500 men, women and children; this is memorialized in John Milton's sonnet \"On the Late Massacre in Piedmont\" and apologized for by Pope Francis in 2015.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365983750#April–June", "title": "1655", "revid": 1365983750, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1664, "year_label": "1664 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 14", "text": "February 14 – A peace treaty is signed in Turin in Italy to end the War of the Banished between the Duchy of Savoy and the Waldensians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372648278#January–March", "title": "1664", "revid": 1372648278, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1686, "year_label": "1686 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 31", "text": "January 31 – In the wake of the success of France's campaign against Protestantism, Victor Amadeus II, the Duke of Savoy, issues an edict against the Valdesi, the Duchy's Protestant minority, setting a 15-day deadline for members of the Valdesi to publicly renounce their beliefs as erroneous, or face banishment or death. The February 15 deadline is ignored.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368502958#January–March", "title": "1686", "revid": 1368502958, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1686, "year_label": "1686 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 17", "text": "October 17 – As the Savoyard–Waldensian wars, draw to a close, the Duke of Savoy announces that the Protestant Valdisi defenders will be granted safe passage to Switzerland, and that children taken during the war will be allowed to return to their families. By January, a little more than 2,500 Valdisi take the offer.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368502958#October–December", "title": "1686", "revid": 1368502958, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1687, "year_label": "1687 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 3", "text": "January 3 – With the end of latest of the Savoyard–Waldensian wars in the Duchy of Savoy between the Savoyard government and Protestant Italians known as the Waldensians, Victor Amadeus II, Duke of Savoy, carries out the release of 3,847 surviving prisoners and their families, who had forcibly been converted to Catholicism, and permits the group to emigrate to Switzerland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363302904#January–March", "title": "1687", "revid": 1363302904, "section": "Events › January–March"}}]}